| After experiencing a short period of stagnation in Shunzhi times of Qing dynasty,Jiangsu academies has been gradually recovered during Kangxi period,thanks to the enlightened strategy of academy establishment during Kangxi times and the officalization of academy’s policy during Yongzheng times.In the middle of Qing dynasty,the establishment of Jiangsu academies entered its peak stage,especially when Han learning in Qianlong and Jiaqing times emerged in and became prosperous.Unfortunately,all these wonderful progresses were suddenly ruined by Taiping army’s violence following by Taiping troops occupying Jiangnan area in Xianfeng tenth year(1860).Struggling through this dark period,Jiangsu academies finally were able to see sunrise in Tongzhi times and Guangxu times,with the reason that local governors and numerous scholars threw themselves into the reconstitution of Jiangsu academies.However,again,in Guangxu twenty-seventh year(1901)Qing government decreed that all academies should uniformly transforme to be modern schools,which made the modernization of Jiangsu academies begin.As soon as the last academy’s transformation in Jiangsu had completed in Guangxu thrity-first year(1905),this 881 years history of Jiangsu academies,which lasted from Song dynasty to Qing dynasty,came to the end of its journey.In the history of Jiangsu academies during Qing dynasty,within 206 academies all over Jiangsu province,a great amount of books had been collected through several channels such as the emperor’s bestowing,local governments’ purchasing and assigning,private donation,academies’publishing and purchasing,those ended with the setup of libraries of those academies.Meanwhile,elaborate policies were enacted,precautious implemented,those performances promised well-arranged and reasonable functioning of books in academies,which had also prolonged the lives of those book collections and then let them smoothly be transferred to be part of modern schools’ libraries and public libraries during the reform of traditional academies.Above all,against the background of 881 years history of Jiangsu academies and focusing on the 260 years history of Jiangsu academies during Qing dynasty,this paper mainly targets on book collecting of these 206 Jiangsu academies of Qing dynasty,through the processes of firstly clarifying the deriving of those books,and secondly revealing and summarizing their features,and ulteriorly probe the internal connections between Qing academic,teaching for imperal examination of Jiangsu,regional culture of Jiangsu and book collecting activities in Jiangsu academies.For the purpose of analyzing and resolving problems raised above,this paper will be detailed into three sections with ten chapters as follows.The first section is the introduction part,which will intially interpret the goal and importance of this paper,and secondly sum up the results,progress and experiences of predecessors’ relavent researches,and thirdly specify the ananlysing methods of this paper.The second section contains chapter one to chapter eight,which will aim to the book collecting activities in academies across this whole 11 districts of Jiangsu,especially focusing on tens of representative academies such as Zhongshan Academy in Nanjing,Ziyang Academy in Suzhou,Jiyang Academy and Nanjing Academy in Wuxi and so on,to interpret the deriving,the features and the management of academies’ books,and then reveal the historical position and values of book collecting in Jiangsu academies of Qing dynasty.The third section is the conclusion part,which will summarize the result of this paper,and outline Jiangsu academies’ book collecting in Qing dynasty,with aspects of academical book collecting and educational book collecting,book collecting system and book collecting culture.And finally,the historical position and values of Jiangsu academies’book collecting associated with Qing academic,traditional education and regional culture of Jiangsu will be specified and emphasized. |
