"Danwei" And The Change Of Writers Creation(1984-1992)

As a cultural space with institutional and organizational characteristics,Danwei has exerted a great influence on the development of modern and contemporary Chinese literature,especially in the long period after the founding of the People’s Republic,Mao Zedong’s idea of organization and the combination of planned economy made the unit a key factor in the development of literature.The writer had to be attached to and controlled by the Danwei,which decided the literary ecology and literary form at that time to a certain extent.Compared with the 1980 s and 1990 s,"seventeen years" and "Cultural Revolution" witnessed significant changes in the relationship between writers and their Danei,the literature ecology and the literature form also had the new quality.It is the main content of this paper to analyze the influence of the development and change of the relationship between the writer and the unit on the literary creation.The introduction introduces the current research situation,the literature system research from the 1950 s to the 1970 s,the research on the freelancer,and the research on "returning to the eighties",put forward the research value,method and writing train of thought of this paper.The first chapter mainly analyzes the reconstruction and the new change of the writer unit.The "new period" began with the liquidation of the "Cultural Revolution".For the vast number of writers,the first priority is to restore the institutions of literary federations and co-operatives at all levels that were severely hit during the "Cultural Revolution",the reconstruction of the writers team in the new period has gone through the strict qualification screening.During the Cultural Revolution,there were a lot of ambiguities in the literary and art circles.The rupture of "identity" was the result of the contradiction.The reconstruction of the ranks of writers began with a focus on the relationship between literature and art and politics,and gradually deepened the reform of the system of professional writers,a more marked difference can be seen in the speed and centre of gravity of the reforms between official and local associations.The reaffirmation of the "freedom of creation" in The Fourth National Congress of the Chinese Writers Association swept away the influence of "spiritual purification" to a great extent,opened a new direction of literary development,and provided an institutional guarantee for the pluralistic development of literature.The Second Chapter Mainly Discusses The new style of literature since 1984,the inter-generational differences in writers’ creation and the re-emergence of freelance writers.In the 1980 s and 1990 s,three generations of writers,old,middle-aged and young,gathered in the literary world from the May 4th period to the new period.Different generations of writers have different writing ethics in addition to the choice of aesthetic ways,and the explosion of popular literature provides more diverse literary styles The writing of unit survival in the work shows the specific and detailed survival picture of the individual in the unit,and the literature choice of the writer and the free writer in the unit system is also different.In the early 1990 s,most of the "new generation" writers appeared as freelancers who resigned from public office.Due to the gradual economic system reform,the restoration and adjustment of the payment system,as well as the division of writers,freelance writers have been able to re-emerge.The third chapter mainly analyzes the freedom and limitation of the writers’ creation inside and outside the unit system.The works of Han Dong,Wang Shuo and Wang Xiaobo provide a typical case for us to understand the transformation of the relationship between units and writers in the 1980 s and 1990 s.Wang Shuo consciously and enthusiastically embraced mass culture,with a strong market consciousness,and achieved great success in the late 1980 s and early 1990 s Wang Xiaobo’s novels and essays represent the possibility of free writing and marginal criticism in a market economy.How to deal with the relationship between literature,market and business has become a difficult problem for many writers to think and choose.Writers outside the unit system bring the possibility of literary and aesthetic freedom and pluralism The national level also guides and intervenes the literature creation by perfecting the award system and punishing the deviant behavior.The conclusion part summarizes the full text viewpoint.In a word,the bondage of the unit to the writer’s creation went through the process from tight to loose.In the early 1980 s,because of the alternating cold and warm climate,there were many repetitions,but with the gradual establishment of marketization,writers no longer depended on professional salaries to support their families,and there was a greater variety of means of subsistence and greater freedom than ever before.The changing process of the relationship between units and writers and their creations is the projection and cultural representation of the gradual transformation of Chinese society.