| The word class categorization is considered as“the Goldbach Conjecture”in linguistics,and it is also a bottleneck problem affecting dictionary-making,textbook compilation,language learning,and natural language processing,especially the multi-category problem has become a millennium puzzle in word class studies.Unfortunately,however,some researches on heterosemy at home and abroad are heavily based on introspection and illustration,and lack empirical researches from the perspective of linguistic typology.Besides,the existing studies mainly focus on verb-noun heterosemy,with little involvement in the noun-adjective heterosemy,so theoretically and practically,there is not a comprehensive and in-depth explanation and treatment of noun-adjective heterosemy.Therefore,based on the Two-level Word Class Categorization Theory,the thesis is intended to make an in-depth and systematic empirical study on the current status of noun-adjective multi-category lexemes in Contemporary Chinese Dictionary(7thedition),Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary(9thedition),lo Zingarelli:Vocabolario della Lingua Italiana（2016）,andТолковыйСловарьРусскогоЯзыка（2017）.From the perspective of typology,this thesis makes a comparative study of the representation of noun-adjective multi-category lexemes to explore the grammatical multi-functional phenomenon in the communal lexicon.From the perspective of genealogical typology,it is found that the noun-adjective lexemes exist not only in Sino-Tibetan languages but in Indo-European languages.Also,different languages have different characters concerning to N-A lexemes.As a typical Sino-Tibetan language,Modern Chinese has 482 noun-adjective heterosemous lexemes in CCD7;In the Indo-European languages,the Germanic language of English has 1202noun-adjective headwords in OALD9;The Romance language of Italian has 9156noun-adjective lexemes in ZVLI,accounting for 92%of the total multi-category words,and far more than the other three languages,and the Slavic language of Russian also has64 noun-adjective multi-category in TCPЯ.In general,the representation of noun-adjective heterosemy between Chinese and Indo-European languages is greatly different,especially in senses division,on which there is a suspicion of“one lexeme,one sense and one category”in CCD7,but not that in the other three dictionaries,and in Indo European languages,it is also different from each other,among which Italian is the most prominent.From the perspective of morphological typology,the heterosemous phenomenon is not the exclusive characteristics of the analytic languages like Modern Chinese and Modern English,but also a common feature of synthetic languages,such as Italian and Russian.Just there are only a few noun-adjective heterosemy in Russian which has rich morphological changes.Secondly,the grammatical multifunctionality of the communal words is a common feature of all human languages,but typologically close languages do not present the same degree of cross-categoriality,and lexical categorization in these languages qualitatively deviates from the relevant typological tendencies.For example,Modern Chinese and English which are both analytic languages have great differences in the representations of noun-adjective heterosemy.The study confirmed again that some researches on word class categorization have been constrained by Newtonian thinking for a long time,and that it is difficult to achieve a breakthrough with traditional ontology alone.However,the Two-level Word Class Categorization Theory from the transdisciplinary perspective,which makes an effective distinction between the word token categorization in syntax at parole and the word type categorization in the lexicon at langue,can effectively explain the multi-functional phenomenon of lexemes,as is expected to truly solve the problem of word class categorization,especially the problem of multifunctionality ontologically,epistemologically and methodologically. |
