| Qianjin Bao was founded by the new Sixth Army of KMT during War of Liberation.Its news reports cover a wide range of contents,including politics,economy,culture,military affairs,diplomacy,etc.,which can reflect the social features and major historical events of Northeast China during War of Liberation from many aspects.Based on Qianjin Bao,this paper researches on post-war Nationalist Government’ s take-over and demobilization in northeast China,and analyzes possible causes for the failure of Nationalist Government in Northeast China during the War of Liberation.The first part is the introduction,mainly including the introduction of Qianjin Bao,the significance of topic selection,literature review,research characteristics and innovation.Qianjin Bao has not been widely recognized and adopted by the academic circles.It can provide new ideas and perspectives for the study of the history of Northeast China,the war of liberation and the history of the newspapers and periodicals of the Republic of China,and promote the more comprehensive development of modern Chinese history.The second part introduces the influence of the international situation on the take-over of Northeast China by Nationalist Government.After the World War Ⅱ.,Northeast China was a wrestling field among KMT,the Communist Party,the United States and the Soviet Union.The change of international situation has a vital impact on the transfer of sovereignty in Northeast China.After the World War Ⅱ,Nationalist Government set up the Northeast camp to take charge of the Northeast affairs,and tried to transport army to the northeast by American warships.The Soviet Union regarded Northeast China as its sphere of influence and insisted on opposing the intervention of a third party.Therefore,he set up obstacles to the KMT army and turned to support the Communist Party of China.The change of the Soviet Union’s attitude greatly affected the process of the Nationalist Government’s take-over the northeast China,which made its diplomatic acceptance frustrated and forced to adopt the policy of take-over by military force.The third part researches the take-over and demobilization of Japanese Puppet Industry and real estate.Through the nationalization of Japanese puppet enterprises,Nationalist Government grasped the economic lifeline of Northeast China and became its economic foundation in Northeast China.Railway,banking,steel,coal and machine manufacturing industries are controlled by the resources committee,forming a monopoly state capitalist pattern.At the same time,due to the destruction after Japan’s surrender,the Soviet Army’s transportation of machinery and equipment,and the war,the industrial output value of Northeast China declined.The Northeast Real Estate Administration Bureau was responsible for the take-over and processing of Japanese puppet real estate.The Bureau has engaged in malpractice,and the "take-over" of real estate has become"robbery".The fourth part researches the take-over and demobilization of agriculture.Facing the dilemma of agricultural production in Northeast China,Nationalist Government took agricultural loans as an important means of disaster relief and agricultural development in Northeast China.And try to establish a modern financial system in the rural areas of Northeast China.In the aspect of agricultural tax,Nationalist Government carried out the system of land tax converted into currency to replace the system of paying out goods in the period of Japanese puppet,which made farmers bear the risk of market uncertainty.The agricultural policy carried out by Nationalist Government maintained the interests of the rich peasants and landlords,but failed to meet the needs of the poor peasants and tenant farmers,which led to frequent bankruptcies in the rural areas of Northeast China.The fifth part researches the take-over and demobilization in the financial field.The financial section of the Commission and the Management Office of enemy and puppet materials are responsible for the take-over in the financial field.In the aspect of currency issue,Nationalist Government issued the circulation bills of nine provinces in Northeast China as the circulating currency,and accepted other forms of currency.During the period of the national government’s rule,Shenyang’s prices remained high,which was a prominent manifestation of the economic collapse in the Northeast KMT controlled area.The main causes of hyperinflation are currency oversupply,material shortage and financial system chaos.The sixth part researches the take-over and demobilization in the field of education.Nationalist Government set up the Northeast Education and demobilization Advisory Committee and the Education Department of the Northeast camp Political Committee as the education and demobilization institutions,and decided to realize the education policy of "de Japanization" and the the Three People’s Principles in Northeast China.Nationalist Government stabilized the education order in a short period of time,formulated the teacher training program,restored the primary and secondary education,established the Northeast University,Changchun University and other colleges and universities in higher education,and carried out de militarism education for Japanese.However,due to the lack of education funds of Nationalist Government,the behavior of persisting in civil war and corruption,which led to the loss of popular support,the frequent occurrence of teacher strikes and student strikes,which eventually led to the failure of education demobilization in the Northeast KMT controlled areas.The failure of the Nationalist Government in Northeast China is the inevitable result of the collapse of its political foundation due to its improper take-over and demobilization after the World War II and its insistence on launching a reactionary war.Chiang Kai Shek also reflected on the reasons for the failure of the civil war afterwards and said,"If we fail,we fail because of post-war’s take-over." If a political party is corrupt,stagnant,rigid in thought,and stands opposite to history and the people,it will lose its vitality and motive power,then it would be abandoned by the broad masses of the people.The failure of the KMT in the Northeast proved this. |
