| The essence of philosophy is the pursuit of truth,and truth must tend towards reality.The truth view of traditional philosophy mostly takes the pursuit of abstract universal necessity as its responsibility.Truth is limited to the level of epistemology,ignoring reality,and truth becomes contentless abstract speculation.Since this view of truth is hostile to reality,it will inevitably deny man and his reality,and man himself has thus become an abstract existence.In the era when Marx lived,Western philosophers represented by Hegel and Feuerbach tried to save reality and give truth the power of reality.But because they could not correctly understand the practical nature of reality,these efforts eventually ended in failure.Marx’s philosophy is based on practice to reshape the reality of truth.It has truly realized a revolutionary change in the view of truth in the history of philosophy,and has pointed out the direction for the comprehensive and free development of human beings.Therefore,it is necessary for us to use "reality" as a clue to sort out the development process of the truth view,and show the critical and transcendence of Marx’s philosophy practice truth view.The thesis is divided into three parts:The first part mainly discusses the philosophical history process of the traditional philosophical truth view from ignoring reality to tending towards reality.Most ancient Greek philosophers were hostile to the senses and sensibility,trying to find an immutable ontology as the origin of everything,making truth an abstract existence independent of human beings.Modern philosophy has established the subjective status of human beings and their thinking.This epistemological vision limits the truth to the realm of consciousness and thinking,thus losing the real link of truth.Hegel opposes the exaggerated epistemological interpretation of truth in modern philosophy,because this popular epistemological view of truth separates the negative link of truth and makes thinking about truth "outside of things." For this reason,Hegel emphasized that truth must be truly cut into reality.But the reality emphasized by Hegel is still a kind of "reality of thinking" in Feuerbach’s view.For this reason,Feuerbach emphasizes sensibility,intuition and objectivity,hoping to break Hegel’s speculation.The view of truth builds truth on the foundation of true reality.The second part mainly discusses Marx’s view of reality based on practice.Marx emphasized that the truth of thinking is not a theoretical problem,but a practical problem.Truth must go out of the closed realm of thinking and move towards social reality and social practice.Hegel also tried to make truth go out of itself and toward reality.He regarded truth as a dialectical movement process.This is where Hegel’s merits in the view of truth lie.But Hegel’s mistake is that his truth ultimately does not go out of the circle set by self-consciousness,so the so-called going to reality becomes empty talk.Feuerbach tried to oppose Hegel’s view of truth by emphasizing the subjective status of sensibility and nature,emphasizing that perceptual reality itself is truth,hoping to make truth out of the inner nature of thinking.Marx appreciated Feuerbach’s emphasis on perceptual status,but at the same time criticized Feuerbach’s intuitive understanding of objects and reality,and proposed the famous principle of perceptual activity,namely the principle of practice.Truth moves towards reality.It does not mean that truth is perceptual object itself.For this reason,Marx distinguishes perceptual object and perceptual activity,emphasizing that truth can only show its power in human perceptual activity,that is,practice.That is to say,people should prove the truth of their thinking in practice.Only in this way can truth truly trend toward human reality,cut into human reality,and achieve a revolutionary change from "interpreting the world" to "changing the world".Realize the comprehensive and free development of people.The third part mainly discusses the contemporary value of Marx’s view of practical truth.Marx’s view of practical truth firstly pointed out the direction for us to criticize the various contemporary non-Marxist views of truth.Both the coincidence theory and the coherence theory of truth are inherently confined to the epistemological vision and cannot extricate themselves,while ignoring the truth.The historical,social and productive nature of Secondly,we must use Marx’s view of practical truth to understand and guide the construction of a "good life" in the new era,and demonstrate the practical logic of a good life. |
