Livelihood Vulnerability Evaluation Of Small Farmers In Yanchi County

The livelihood vulnerability assessment of small farmers is a prerequisite for correctly identifying the fragile status of small farmers’ livelihoods.This paper takes Yanchi County as an example,a large agricultural and animal husbandry county.Through a questionnaire survey of 648 small farmers in 38 administrative villages in 8 townships in Yanchi County,this paper uses the entropy method from the three-dimensional perspective of "risk-sensitivity-adaptability",Comprehensive Index Method,Geographic Detector Factor Analysis Method,conducts livelihood vulnerability assessment and influencing factors analysis of smallholder households from the main function segmentation and different livelihood methods,and then proposes countermeasures and suggestions.(1)Subdivision of main functions In the assessment of the livelihood vulnerability of small farmers,the overall livelihood of small farmers is at a medium level of vulnerability.Weakly restricted development zones,medium restricted development zones,strong restricted development zones,and prohibited development zones have significant differences in risk,sensitivity,adaptability and vulnerability.The weakly restricted development zone and the prohibited development zone have the highest risk and sensitivity,the strong restricted development zone and the medium restricted development zone have the lowest risk and sensitivity;the medium restricted development zone has the strongest adaptability and the prohibited development zone has the weakest adaptability;development is prohibited the fragility of the zone is the highest,and the fragility of the medium-restricted development zone is the lowest.In terms of space,it is:prohibited development zone>strongly restricted development zone>weakly restricted development zone>medium restricted development zone,showing a distribution pattern of "high in the central and southern parts and low in the north".(2)In the assessment of the livelihood vulnerability of small farmers with different livelihoods,small farmers as a whole are in a relatively high vulnerable state.There are big differences in the livelihood risk,sensitivity,adaptability and vulnerability index of small farmers.The order of vulnerability is:farming and animal husbandry livelihood>farming and livelihood>comprehensive livelihood.Small farmers with farming and pastoral livelihood and farming and livelihood are in a higher vulnerable state,and small farmers with integrated livelihood are in a lower vulnerable state.Research shows that:Small farmers’choice of integrated development of primary,secondary and tertiary industries is an inevitable choice for small farmers to engage in the development of agriculture and animal husbandry,and is a key measure to improve their livelihood adaptability.(3)The analysis of influencing factors from the three aspects of risk,sensitivity and adaptability shows that:①The main influencing factors of main function segmentation are:the livelihood risk of small farmers is affected by the degree of land desertification,whether the family suffers from natural disasters or suffers The impact of environmental pollution,the impact of market fluctuations on households,and the proportion of medical expenditures in household income arc four factors;sensitivity is affected by the increase in pest damage,the increase in agricultural production costs and investment,the decline in land use efficiency/fertility,and the supply of livestock feed Tensions,livestock diseases,difficulty in selling agricultural products,and unobvious benefits from planting small grain crops;adaptability is affected by the number of people who can get help,whether they have at least one training to get rich,the state’s attention to the implementation of favorable agricultural policies,and the return of farming Returning to forest/grazing prohibition has five factors affecting the degree of ecological restoration,and the degree of influence of each factor is significantly different.②The leading influencing factors for different livelihoods are:smallholders’ risk is affected by market price fluctuations,which significantly affects breeding,the availability of weather change information,and the proportion of household farming income;sensitivity is affected by diseases and insect pests,agricultural production costs and investment Increased land use efficiency/fertility decline,tight livestock material supply,diseased livestock,difficulty in selling agricultural products,and insignificant income from planting small grains;adaptability is affected by the number of people who can get help,whether there is at least one subject to get rich Technical training,the abundance of agricultural machinery,the difficulty of bank borrowing,the state’s attention to the implementation of preferential agricultural policies,the degree of restoration of the surrounding ecological environment by returning farmland to forests/grazing prohibition,and the enthusiasm of participating in policy implementation.The factors are quite different.(4)Reducing the vulnerability of smallholders’ livelihoods and improving their livelihood adaptability should:①Speed up the development of agriculture and animal husbandry,and enhance the efficiency of the agriculture and animal husbandry industry;②Continue to improve the ecological environment and effectively increase the benefits of the ecological environment;③ Strengthen the upgrading of the industrial structure,and the organic integration of the secondary and tertiary industries Development;④Increase policy support to improve the endogenous motivation for the development of small farmers;⑤Speed up the construction of rural basic service facilities,and create a good rural human settlement environment.