A Review Of The Research On Egoism Thought And The Influencing Factors Of Egoism

The thought of Egoism is not only the product of the development of capitalist private ownership,but also the reflection of bourgeois egoism.Before the bourgeoisie,the exploiting class often put on the cloak of patriarchal clan in order to plunder the capital in order to blind the eyes of the world.It was not until the modern western capitalist revolution that the thought of Egoism developed into a systematic and complete moral theory.For centuries,centering on the study of human nature and behavior,many scholars at home and abroad have been exploring the connotation of Egoism and its realization with a rational attitude under the background of their times.After several generations of thinkers,the idea of Egoism gradually derived many theoretical versions.Divided from the macro level,Egoism can be regarded as either a psychological characteristic or a moral code worth following.Psychological Egoism describes human nature as completely self-centered and self-motivated,advocates that human individuals always take self-interest as the starting point,and emphasizes that all human ultimate behavior itself is out of self-interest consideration.Ethical Egoism holds that people should benefit themselves and a rational individual should pursue self-satisfaction to the greatest extent.Rational Egoism emphasizes that individual’s pursuit of rationality is the prominent feature of its theory and advocates that promoting self-interest is a rational behavior.The three theoretical forms of Egoism have different perspectives,and their attention to human moral motivation and individual self-interest is very different,which is also the reason why many scholars hold different opinions when expounding Egoism.At present,China pursues the value of collectivism,and the public’s understanding of Egoism is quite different from the mainstream value system of our society.Egoism is often regarded as a synonym for selfishness and becomes a decried code of conduct and ethics.Professor Qian Liqun’s suggestion of "absolute,refined Egoism" has brought this topic to a climax.After reasonably defining the relevant definitions of Egoism and combing the comparative theoretical literature,we can find the defining characteristics and behavioral manifestations of "absolute and exquisite Egoist" as an extreme Egoist.Based on the theoretical basis,this paper restates the influence factors of previous empirical research results on individual egoistic behavior in order to provide rational guidance for college education and people’s real life.