Contrastive Analysis Of Temporal Words In Narratives Between Chinese Native Speakers And Learners

Taking the temporal words in narratives as the research object,this paper collects about105,000 words of narrative corpus,from which 96 temporal words are extracted and classified.In this paper,quantitative analysis and comparative analysis are used to investigate the use of temporal words in the narratives of Chinese native speakers and learners.The temporal words in narratives of the same topic were compared between native speakers and learners.Chinese learners use temporal words that native speakers also use,but not as much as native speakers.The use of static-temporal words is far less than that of dynamic-temporal words.Among dynamic temporal words,post-temporal words are the most used.The temporal words frequently used by both are zhihou,hou,shi,de shihou,jiu,ranhou,zhongyu,you,yibian and you yi tian.In addition,they both use local words to express the passage of time.Chinese learners have lower frequency,lexical diversity,lexical sophistication and lexical correctness than native speakers.Learners use it 14.35 times per thousand words,5 times per essay on average,while native speakers use it 26.27 times per thousand words,10 times per essay on average.Learners in the selection of some words are relatively simple,and the use of temporal words are relatively simple.What’s more,learners produce errors in using temporal words such as ranhou and de shihou.In the use of static-temporal words,a quarter of the learners did not realize the characteristics of "time first,narration followed" in the narrative,and learners with this consciousness often use time-bound words when using static-temporal words at the beginning of the narrative,such as daxue er nianji de shujia,rather than more like native speakers use adjective modifiers,such as fenghe-rili de yi tian.And about one tenth of the learners use shi/de shihou to mark time after static-temporal words.In the use of dynamic-temporal words,learners use significantly more words that do not emphasize delay than words that emphasize delay,while native speakers use slightly more words that emphasize delay than words that do not emphasize delay.Native speakers often use modified temporal words such as xunsu and feikuai to express the time situation of an action.Learners are not good at this.In the use of high-frequency temporal words,learners frequently use yihou,hanjia,shujia,di X tian,zuihou and xian,which are not frequently used by native speakers.Native speakers frequently use bian,yushi and bu yi huir,while learners rarely use them.