Study On Livelihood Of Chengdu Banner People In Late Qing Dynasty And Early Republic Of China

Chengdu garrison was established in the late Kangxi period,and Chengdu garrison was an important military garrison point in the southwest.In order to make Chengdu banner people adhere to the Qing language riding and shooting tradition,the Chengdu Eight Banners officers and soldiers and their families lived in Chengdu Manchuria for generations,and were not allowed to leave the city at will or engage in labor and business without permission.Serving as a soldier has become the main source of income for the banner people in Chengdu.In the middle and late Qing Dynasty,the number of bannermen in Chengdu increased and the number of troops was limited,and some bannermen in Chengdu became idle bannermen.During the Qianlong period,some Chengdu banner people began to have livelihood problems.At the end of the Qing Dynasty,military expenditures,war reparations,and fiscal imbalances caused excessive financial pressure.In order to alleviate financial pressure,the Eight Banners officers and soldiers were paid off and the actual income of the Eight Banners officers and soldiers decreased.With the increase in population and rising prices,the livelihood problems of Chengdu Banner have further intensified.After the Revolution of 1911,banner battalions were abolished and banner people were dismissed in various places.Chengdu banner people lost their economic income,and their livelihood became the primary problem facing Chengdu banner people.The livelihood problem of the Chengdu banner is a microcosm of the lifespan problem of the banner in the Qing Dynasty.The livelihood problem of the Chengdu banner reflects the social and historical changes of Chengdu to a certain extent.At the end of the Qing Dynasty and the beginning of the Republic of China,the livelihood of Chengdu Banner further deteriorated,and the livelihood problem became a social and people’s livelihood problem.The way of solving the livelihood problems of Chengdu Banner at the end of the Qing Dynasty and the beginning of the Republic of China is similar to that of Jingzhou and Xi’an Garrison Bannermen.At the same time,it also has the characteristics of proper handling by Chengdu generals and self-transformation of Chengdu Bannermen.From an overall point of view,the change and solution of the livelihood issues of Chengdu Banner in the late Qing Dynasty and the early Republic of China are closely related to the changes in Chengdu society.In-depth study of the livelihood issues of Chengdu Banner in the late Qing Dynasty and the early Republic of China is very important for strengthening people’s livelihood construction,maintaining national unity,and promoting social harmony.