| Marx’s religious critical thought is an important part of Marx’s thought.For critique of religion is an important part in the process of the development of western civilization,from the ancient Greek natural philosophy,through rational religious criticism of German classical philosophy,to the later time of youth Hegel religious criticism,religious criticism has made a series of important achievements,but still stay within the religion itself,to stay in the speculation or is within the scope of the religious criticism of the simple.Marx liquidation since ancient Greek religious criticism thought,established the historical materialism as the cornerstone of the basic principles of religious criticism,religious criticism must first emphasized investigation of religious reality material conditions and historical development,religious criticism for the first time in human history endowed with scientific,completed the religious criticism of revolutionary change.Therefore,it is of great theoretical and practical significance for us to understand and grasp Marx’s thought of religious criticism and to solve the practical religious problems in China.Marx’s religious critical thought has a historical development process.In the period of Doctoral Dissertation,Marx was deeply influenced by Powell’s "self-consciousness" philosophy,and he believed that the significance of anti-religion lies in promoting philosophy,while the significance of promoting philosophy lies in pursuing universal freedom of human beings.At that time,Marx had not involved the practical problems,and religious criticism was limited to the purely speculative field.In the period of Rheinische Zeitung and Yearbook of Germany and France,Marx realized the trouble of realistic problems for the first time,and gradually established the basic line of combining religious criticism with realistic criticism,but this line was only put forward and grasped in the form of philosophy,and political economy was outside his theoretical field of vision.Through the profound analysis of religious alienation and labor alienation in the Manuscript of Economics and Philosophy in 1844,Marx gradually combined philosophical criticism with political economy criticism to investigate religious issues,which further deepened the theoretical field of religious criticism.In the period of "Outline" and "Form",Marx’s religious critical thought was established systematically,and he expounded scientifically the problems of the origin of religion,the development and extinction of religion,the function of religion and the essence of religion.This indicates that the religious critical thought based on historical materialism has been established.In the period of "Das Kapital" and "Two Notes" in his later years,Marx made a profound analysis of the reasons for the emergence of religion in ancient society and the social and cultural functions of religion,which supplemented and developed the existing achievements.The world today is undergoing profound changes unseen in a century.Various religious thoughts are changing and various religious ideas are emerging one after another,posing new challenges to China’s religious work.Marx’s religious critical thought is a scientific religious critical thought,which is of great theoretical significance for correctly understanding and dealing with the religious problems in China,and of great practical significance for consolidating the consciousness of the Chinese nation’s community,maintaining national unity and promoting social stability. |
