The Study Of Yang Wanli’s Ji Proses

Yang Wanli was one of“the four great scholars of the Southern Song Dynasty”,who left the collection of Cheng Zhai behind.To learn more about Yang Wanli and his writings,this paper takes 72 Ji proses of Yang Wanli as the research object,and discusses the stages and classifications,ideological system,emotional contents,as well as the artistic characteristics of“living method”（活法）and“Xing Ling”（性灵）.On the basis of sorting out the development process of Ji proses and identifying the creation situation of Yang Wanli’s Ji proses,and according to his political identity,his creation period is divided into two stages:“official”and“hidden”.The Ji proses created in his“official”stages were mainly about politics.From the earlier stages to the later stages,the academic and speculative nature of Ji proses gradually increased;While the Ji proses created in his early“hidden”stages were mainly about missing friends and the records of landscapes.Later the political contents gradually increased,and reflected the gradual maturity of artistic styles and thoughts.In terms of subject matter,he created a large number of“Tai Ge of interest proses”（台阁名胜记）centered on buildings,and a small number of“miscellanies of people and things”（人事杂记）.Yang Wanli’s thoughts on Ching theory and Neo-Confucianism are profound in his Ji proses.His Materialist thoughts include dialectics thoughts of things will develop in the opposite direction when they become extreme and historical concepts of man can conquer nature.Meanwhile,he indicated his pursuit of self-cultivation and scholarship include being prudent and sincere when alone and combining knowledge and action together.In the aspect of governing the country,Yang Wanli asked the king to attach importance to talents and benefit the people.The officials were required to be moderate and of integrity,and govern the people with the concept of teaching before punishing.In terms of the thoughts of prose creation,Yang Wanli held the literary idea of“taking literature as branches”（以文为枝）on the basis of attaching importance to Wen and Tao.He pursued“Wen Qi”（文气）of being loyal to the country and negating the present when pursuing the ancient.He also balanced his prose creation with plain and simple narrative and flexible grammar thoughts.Rich life experiences and exquisite emotion make Yang Wanli’s Ji proses profound and implicit.They are full of feelings,which include the patriotism of protecting country and people,the sorrow of parting with relatives and friends,and the open-minded happiness of hiding in the countryside.He experienced separation from his teachers and friends when his political ideals were lost,and finally found a habitat of the soul in the landscape.In terms of artistic characteristics,Yang Wanli’s Ji proses conbine Pian Ti（骈体）and San Ti（散体）together,and pay less attention to textual research.They are relatively free,and the peculiar imagination is often used in landscape painting.He also described the scene by metaphor and used the“high speed cinematography”（快镜）when rendering dynamic scenes.These writing methods are similar to the“living method”（活法）of his poetry creation.Besides,aiming at the consciousness of“Xing Ling”in Yang Wanli’s“living method”,we can realize the identity and significance of Yang Wanli as a“lineal of Xing Ling”by combining the evolution of“Xing Ling”with the creation of Ji proses in later generations.Yang Wanli’s Ji proses show obvious personality characteristics in contents,thoughts and art.In the revival period of the Southern Song Dynasty,his writings were enough to compete with those of Lu You and Fan Chengda et al,and had a certain influence on Ji proses of the later generations.The study of Yang Wanli’s Ji proses can not only help to deepen the study of Yang Wanli and his writings,but also promote the study of Ji proses.