Practice And Comparison Of Rural Governance In The 1930s

Looking back on the history of China for thousands of years,the rural issue has always been an important issue that cannot be ignored.In the traditional period,China’s rural governance was a kind of simple governance,that is,although the state can concentrate power,it is difficult to implement at the grassroots level,and the control of the village is limited to simple taxation and recruitment.In the 20th century,China entered the path of modernization development,and began the path of modern state construction.Traditional governance concepts also changed accordingly.It began to attach importance to the control of the grassroots.It was manifested by the modernization of rural society to make the village with a long history Social integration into the modern state construction.This article focuses on the period of the critical transformation of the rural governance concept in the 1930s.From the perspective of national construction,it describes,analyzes,and comparatively studies several types of rural governance in this period,and finds new ways to promote rural governance.Today,the research on rural governance has become obvious,and scholars have turned their attention to the past,hoping to find inspiration from historical insights.This article focuses on the period of vigorous development of rural governance in the 1930s.From the perspective of national construction,it comparatively describes,analyzes,and studies several types of rural governance in this period,and finds new ways to promote rural governance.In the 1920s and 1930s,China and foreign countries struggled against one another,social crises and national crises continued to deepen,and people lived in dire straits.Especially in rural areas with large populations,multiple blows from financial exhaustion,absolute poverty,and natural disasters needed to be faced head on.In order to cope with the crisis and save the village from the verge of collapse,all sectors of society had begun to explore ways to rescue the village.Among them,the Nanjing National Government,the rural construction school represented by Liang Shuming,and the rural governance practice of the Guangxi New Guixi Department are quite noticeable.This article relies on the survey data of the Rural Rehabilitation Commission,combined with other literature,to reproduce the actual situation of rural governance in the 1930s.The first chapter is to sort out the related research,understand the current research status of this issue in academic circles,look for innovations,introduce the research methods of this article and define some important concepts.The second chaptermainly introduces the historical environment constructed by modern countries,it discusses the unified background of the rise of rural governance in the country,alongside the small background of rural governance of the Nanjing National Government,Liang Shuming and the New Guixi from the two aspects of fundamental motivation and the forming of guiding ideology.The third chapter discusses the practice of the three rural governance models in sections and examines the effects of rural governance.The fourth chapter compares the methods of comparative research,and compares and analyzes the rural governance carried out by the Nanjing National Government,Liang Shuming,and the New Guangxi System from the aspects of governance subject,guiding ideology,focus of governance content,governance methods,governance path and governance effectiveness.After an objective inspection,the article finally concludes that the three rural governance models did not successfully resolve the rural crisis.In the 1930s,rural society was not the soil conducive to the development of democratic self-government systems.On the contrary,political,economic,and cultural factors during this period were obstacles to the progress of rural society.In such an environment,rural governance and modern country construction are like building a high house.At the same time,intellectuals lacking the courage to revolution and the governments and local forces representing the feudal landlord class and the big bourgeoisie were also unable to change the social environment,which was destined to the end of the failure of rural governance during this period.The current rural governance should draw lessons from the perspective of improving autonomy,improving laws and regulations,and strengthening the construction of moral culture,etc.,to build a governance model suitable for rural soils.