Today,China is making great strides to enter an aging society and will become the most aging country in the world.According to the statistics of the seventh national census,by the end of 2020,my country’s permanent population will reach 1.443 billion people.Among them,the proportion of elderly people accounted for 13.5%,that is,the population of 65 years and over is close to 200 million.According to the internationally accepted population aging standards set by the United Nations,China is already in a society with an aging population,and due to the large base of the elderly population in my country,the rapid growth trend,and the prominent contradictions in the elderly care,it is urgent to solve the problem of elderly care.The old-age service model suitable for China’s current national conditions is the key to solving these problems.The old-age care model is a model that has been followed for a long time and has been passed down to the present.It covers the old-age care concept,value orientation and its behavioral means.According to the standards of support for the elderly,the pension model can be roughly divided into three basic models,namely,self-support,family support and social support.Institutions and scholars we are more familiar with are paying more attention to community-based care for the elderly,and they all actually belong to an incomplete social care model.In China’s development process,different periods have their own unique socio-economic backgrounds.Correspondingly,there are different models of pensions.The changes of different pension models are not separate,but a gradual development process.In the new era,if we want to build an old-age care model that suits China’s national conditions,we must understand the process of China’s old-age care model changes in detail.Based on important historical events and guiding policies for the elderly,the transition process of the elderly care model is divided into four stages,and the process of the elderly care model from "soft constraints" to "hard arrangements" can be seen more clearly.In the process of changes in China’s elderly care model,the traditional filial piety culture has become less and less restrictive;laws,regulations and policies have become more and more complete;the main responsibility of the pension fund supply has become more and more clear;the scope of elderly care services has become more and more extensive;The number and types of elderly care services are becoming more and more abundant,and the quality is getting higher and higher.Elderly care has changed from the treatment enjoyed by individuals to a public goods service system for the whole people.The process of changing the old-age care model is essentially a process of forming a public service system.From this perspective,the traditional family pension model has obvious characteristics of "soft restraint",while the mature home care model has obvious characteristics of "hard arrangement".What are the important factors behind the changes in the pension model?The aging of the Chinese population is undoubtedly the direct cause of changes in the pension model.The number of elderly people is large,the development trend is rapid,the aging trend is intensified,and a series of old-age conflicts are triggered by the old age before getting rich.The government needs to coordinate the construction of a national old-age security system,transfer part of the old-age care responsibilities from the family to the society,and make the old-age care model continue to move "Hard arrangement" direction development.In addition to the aging of the population,economic system reforms,the construction of the country’s legal system,and the changes in family structure are also the driving force behind the transition from "soft constraints" to "hard arrangements" for the elderly.Since the construction of the elderly care service system in my country is still in its infancy,the lack of "hard arrangements" and the conflicts between "soft constraints" and"hard arrangements" have been highlighted in the process of changes in the elderly care model.The construction of the elderly care service system is still in the exploratory development stage.The contradictions and problems embodied in the current old-age care model mainly include the imbalanced supply of public services for the elderly in different regions,the weak construction of supporting facilities for the elderly,the insufficient personalization of the contents of the old-age services,the low overall quality of the old-age service personnel,and the neglect of the value of the elderly population.In the new era,to build an old-age care model that suits my country’s national conditions,the above-mentioned problems must be addressed in a targeted manner,and the above-mentioned problems must not be overcorrected.They blindly pursue the establishment of an old-age care system and ignore the role of the family.In the process of continuous exploration,the "soft" and "hard" areas of responsibility for the pension model should be clearly divided.Continue to promote the improvement of policies and regulations,optimize the problems of the existing elderly care model,cultivate a team of elderly care talents,vigorously promote the development of social elderly service intermediary organizations,and improve the quality of elderly care services with the help of technical means.At the same time,we should also pay attention to the role of children in the issue of providing for the elderly,and to satisfy the spiritual demands of the elderly.Optimize the elderly care service system and create an elderly care model suitable for China’s national conditions. |