Research On The Military Relations Between Liu Song Dynasty And Northern Wei Dynasty

Liu Song Dynasty inherited the achievements of Liu Yu’s Northern Expedition in the early years,its territory is the largest in the Southern Dynasties.At this time,Liu Song Dynasty has the same strength as Northern Wei Dynasty.After that,the balance of power was gradually broken.During the reign of Emperor Song Ming,a military pattern of strong north and weak south was formed.The evolution of military relations between Liu Song Dynasty and Northern Wei Dynasty can be roughly divided into three stages.The first stage was the first year of Yongchu to 16th years of Yuanjia(420-439),second stage is from the 17th year of Yuanjia to the end of Yuanjia(440-453),third stage is During and after Emperor Xiaowu(454-479),the relevant discussions are based on the above three stages.Military Relations between the South and the North from the first year of Yongchu to 16th years of Yuanjia,it can be roughly described as Liu Song Dynasty’s active attack and Northern Wei Dynasty’s passive response.After Emperor Song Wen consolidated his power,he hoped that Dao Yanzhi would lead the army’s northern expedition,both to recover the lost land and to promote to the prestige of Dao Yanzhi in order to further appoint him.However,because Dao Yanzhi had no outstanding military talent,the Northern Expedition inevitably failed.At this time,although Northern Wei Dynasty was facing many threats,the two-line operation not only cleared the Helian forces,but also repulsed the Army of Liu Song Dynasty,showing a strong military advantage.Since then,the focus of Northern Wei Dynasty’s military strategy has remained in the north,focusing on eliminating the separatist forces in order to unite the north,so there was no willingness to go south.After the failure of 7th of Yuan Jia’s Northern Expedition,Emperor Song Wen was more cautious in planning and decision-making.Therefore,during this period,Liu Song Dynasty and Northern Wei Dynasty maintained peaceful exchanges.With the end of Northern Wei Dynasty’s military activities in the North,its southward strategy gradually advanced,and the willingness of Emperor Song Wen to go northward has not been eliminated.Therefore,the 17th to the end of Yuanjia was the most intense stage in the military relationship between Liu Song Dynasty and Northern Wei Dynasty.The rivalry between the two countries about Qiu Chi was the beginning of this stage.After Qiu Chi was lost,Emperor Song Wen arranged for the three kings to go out of town to make preliminary preparations for the Northern Expedition.In the 23th year of Yuanjia,the invasion of Northern Wei Dynasty caused a great shock in Liu Song Dynasty.He Chengtian’s "Anbian Theory" put forward the idea of "Defend the border "and believed that some territories in the border region should be abandoned.Liu Song Dynasty’s lack of preparation for the Northern Expedition was mainly related to domestic political development and the attitude and choice of Emperor Song Wen,this was also an important reason for the failure of the Liu Song Dynasty’s Northern Expedition in the 27th year of Yuan Jia.During the Emperor Xiaowu period,Liu Song Dynasty and Northern Wei Dynasty maintained generally peaceful relations.Emperor Xiaowu actively used the powerful forces of the border to defend the border and resisted several invasions by Northern Wei Dynasty.During this period,some scholars in Liu Song Dynasty objected to being good with the Northern Wei Dynasty and demanded "preservati on of the country’s outlook." Zhou Lang even believed that "Xuzhou and Qizhou were forced to endure,and could not be defended." He believes that confrontation with Northern Wei Dynasty along the Huai River,this view became a reality during the civil strife in Taishi soon after.Liu Song Dynasty had lost a lot of territory,corrupted internal politics and wasted national power,was unable to confront Northern Wei Dynasty on a large scale,and the Northern Expedition ended.After Emperor Xiaowen of the Northern Wei Dynasty took office,the plan to annex the South was put on the agenda,and the military relationship between Liu Song Dynasty and Northern Wei Dynasty ushered in a huge turn.