Analysis Of The Potential Categories Of Pension Demand And Research On Pension Model

The increasing number of elderly people and the continuous development of social economy under the background of population aging,and under the contradiction between the people’s growing needs for a better life in the new era and the current unbalanced and inadequate development,the increasing demand content of the elderly population as well as the personalized and diversified characteristics of the demand also exist in contradiction with the current single supply of old-age pension services.With the reduction of family size and the population mobility between urban and rural areas caused by urbanization,the old-age pension model based on family endowment is developing in a diversified direction.While meeting the needs of the elderly,there is also a mismatch between supply and demand.Between the "bottom-up" elderly demand and the "top-down" service supply,how to match and balance individualized demand and undifferentiated services makes it necessary to study the demand of the elderly.This is of positive significance for solving the pension problem,promoting active aging and maintaining the stable development of society.At present,there are a lot of achievements in the research of pension demand and the analysis between supply and demand.This paper will be based on demand theory,dual economic structure theory and individual difference theory,using data from the Chinese Longitudinal Aging Social Survey 2014(CLASS),studying respectively the people over the age of 60 who were living in urban and rural areas.First,measure the demand of the old people based on seven related indicators in the four dimensions about economic security,living-care,health-care,and spiritual comfort,and use the method of individual-centered research and establish a potential category model to explore the characteristics of heterogeneous type of elderly population with different demand.Then use descriptive analysis and chi-square test to analyze the influencing factors of the elderly needs category from the relevant variables of the individual,family and social level,this can describe characteristics of each category more accurately.Finally,according to the different characteristics of types,this paper puts forward the matching "elderly demand centered" pension mode and service.Based on this,the research conclusions are drawn:(1)the demands of rural elderly are higher than that of urban elderly in four dimensions,which consists of economic security demand,living-care demand,health-care demand and spiritual comfort demand;(2)The pension needs of the urban and rural elderly can be divided into four categories,from the highest proportion to the lowest:“low demand type”,“healthy multi-demand type”“high health-care demand type,”and“comprehensive high demand type.”(3)The proportions of the four types about different demand types of urban and rural are different.The proportion of the elderly with“comprehensive high demand type,”“healthy multi-demand type”and“high health-care demand type”in rural areas was higher than that in urban areas,while the proportion of the elderly with“low demand”in urban areas was higher than that in rural areas;(4)In the“comprehensive high demand type”and the“healthy multi-demand type”,the loneliness of the rural old people is higher than that of the urban aged,and the proportion of the rural old people with economic security needs is apparently higher than that of the urban aged;(5)Individual level characteristics of gender,age,education level,and whether they suffer from chronic diseases,and the family-level characteristics of the number of surviving children,marital status and residence style,and the social characteristics of pension types all have a significant impact on the types of needs for the elderly to which they belong.The results of the study highlight the heterogeneity of the internal group of the elderly,and the existence of different performance characteristics and diversified needs for the elderly.In view of the current elderly service supply and diversified development mode,this article puts forward the following recommendations: comprehensive high-demand elderly are suitable for government-led public welfare pension institutions,and low-demand elderly are suitable for traditional family elderly care model.The urban elderly with high health-care demand are suitable for the hospital nursing home model,the rural elderly with high health-care demand are suitable for the combined medical care-family doctor model,and the urban elderly with health multiple demand are suitable for the community home-based pension model under long-term care insurance.The rural elderly with health multiple demand are suitable for the mutual assistance model.