Research On Legal Regulation Of Guest Ceremony In Qing Dynasty

The Chinese nation,as a state of rites and ceremonies,has attached great importance to adjusting and standardizing state and social life with rites since ancient times,and has gradually formed a strict and complete etiquette standard system with the five rites as the core,and a large number of contents have been legalized or even codified.Bing li,as one of "five rites" belongs to welcome guests and foreign,mainly including between internal and external maharaja,court officials,and the ordinary Jian Li between phase,as well as between the Chinese and foreign,in between the mainland and territories,central,and San Francisco should be followed by the interaction between etiquette,to reflect "kiss" "worship" as the core of huaxia civilization etiquette,constructing the harmonious order of the "rites have poor",Show modest gentleman demeanor and great country prestige.The early legal regulation of ritual can be traced back to three generations.In the Western Zhou Dynasty,a series of ritual systems such as dynasty,clan,pilgrimage,meeting,meeting,consort,questioning and viewing were formed,which can be seen in The Rites of Zhou and Rites of Yili.The etiquette norms of the Tang dynasty mainly focus on the kaiyuan Ceremony of the Tang Dynasty,the Six Canon of the Tang Dynasty,the Law of the Tang Dynasty and other laws and regulations,including the three aspects of welcoming labor,presentation and banquet.In the Song Dynasty,the legislation related to court ceremony,meeting ceremony,tribute,banquet and other ceremonies was mainly stipulated in the New Ceremony of Politics and the Five Ceremonies,Song Penal Tong,and imperial decree,and also specially formulated the System of Meeting Ceremony of all officials.According to the "Ming Set ceremony","Ming Association code" and other codes,"Ming History","Ming Shi Lu",the Ming Dynasty guest ceremony is mainly vassal ceremony and see the ceremony.To the qing dynasty,bing li improving legislation,there’s a very rich laws and regulations,including,both strict stable political cult qing reign,etiquette "big Qing Tong ritual and law books in the qing decrees,the relevant provisions of the also have added as a code example,cases and regulations,forming a very system,strict and complete guest ritual system.The contents of the ritual were also greatly expanded,including the ritual of tributes from all sides,the trade with non-tributary countries,as well as the ritual norms of conferring titles,pilgrimages,autumn and other rituals of internal vassals,as well as the etiquette of meeting the emperors and ministers.On the basis of inheriting the previous dynasties,the guest rites of the Qing Dynasty had its own characteristics,which could be roughly divided into four types according to the different identities of the applicable objects: first,the tributary and canonization rites between the Qing Court and vassal states;Second,the "vassal ceremony" between the Qing Court and vassal;Third,trade with foreign countries,highlighting the political relations between the two sides;Fourth,when officials,common people meet etiquette norms "see courtesy".The legal norm system of guest ceremony in Qing Dynasty is very complete and strict,which can be divided into authorized norm,imperative norm,prohibitive norm and other legal norm according to the nature of the norm.The norms of authorization in the guest rites of the Qing Dynasty mainly refer to the authorization of the vassal states by the Qing Court.The norms of authorization in the guest rites of the Qing Dynasty mainly refer to the transactions of foreign envoys to the mainland.Imperative norms refer to the clear requirements of the Qing court for the vassal state and other countries,mostly for the Qing court for the reward and tribute and other aspects of the positive provisions,through the reward and tribute specific regulations to the ceremony of the ceremony,the process of detailed norms,in order to carry out legal protection for the actual implementation of the ceremony.Prohibitive norms refer to the requirements that the Qing court explicitly prohibited vassal states and states,mainly focusing on tributary,trade,hotels and other aspects,including tributary envoys,tributary states,tributary periods,tributary roads and other diplomatic aspects,mainly expressed in three ways of "no","no" and "no".Other legal norms include the narrative legal norms of the ceremony in the ceremony,the legal norms of the tribute in the ceremony and the specific punishment of the violation of the legal norms in the ceremony.The legal norm system of guest ceremony in Qing Dynasty is very complete and strict,which can be divided into authorized legal norm,obligatory legal norm and other restrictive legal norm according to the nature of the norm.The authorized legal norms in the rites of the Qing dynasty mainly refer to the authorization of the vassal states.The authorized legal norms in the rites of the Qing Dynasty mainly aimed at the transactions of foreign envoys to the mainland,and the Qing Court allowed them to carry out transactions,which were often expressed by the "permission" and "listen".According to the difference between the positive and negative obligations,the compulsory norms in the ritual can be divided into imperative norms and prohibitive norms.Imperative norms refer to the clear requirements of the Qing court for the vassal state and other countries,mostly for the Qing court for the reward and tribute and other aspects of the positive provisions,through the reward and tribute specific regulations to the ceremony of the ceremony,the process of detailed norms,in order to carry out legal protection for the actual implementation of the ceremony.Prohibitive norms refer to the requirements that the Qing court explicitly prohibited vassal states and states,mainly focusing on tributary,trade,hotels and other aspects,including tributary envoys,tributary states,tributary periods,tributary roads and other diplomatic aspects,mainly expressed in three ways of "no","no" and "no".Other legal norms include the narrative legal norms of the ceremony in the ceremony,the legal norms of the tribute in the ceremony and the specific punishment of the violation of the legal norms in the ceremony.With the trend from the west to the east and the change of the international political pattern,the dispute between Chinese and Western etiquette has emerged from the early Qing Dynasty,until the late Qing Dynasty,the traditional ceremony system was also challenged.The qing Dynasty and the Western countries started a fierce game on diplomatic etiquette,which was directly caused by the debate between the Qing Court and the western countries on the specific etiquette of "foreign minister’s presentation ceremony",the focus of which was whether the foreign minister’s presentation to the Qing emperor needed to perform "three kneels and nine kneels" ceremony.The traditional guest ceremony system is based on the basic idea of "the world order" and "the ceremony is inferior".Therefore,under the strong impact of the western etiquette culture that pursues equality,the guest ceremony system has changed accordingly.