Study On The Academies In Jianghan Plain During Ming And Qing Dynasties

The academy is one of the important cultural institutions in ancient Chinese society,and plays an important role in cultivating talents and spreading Confucian culture.The Ming and Qing dynasties were the last peak of the construction of ancient Chinese academies.It was also the period when the education,teaching and operation management of the academy tended more and more towards steady.The development of the academy showed distinct characteristics of the times.As a relatively independent institution of education,the academy had less unified management in its wide geographical distribution.Different geographical environments and local cultures have produced continuous interaction with the development of the academies.Since the beginning of the Ming Dynasty,the social economy of the Jianghan Plain in Hubei Province had been accelerated and the social education had also been thrived.In this context,the development of the academies in the Jianghan Plain is in the ascendant.During the Qing Dynasty,the Jianghan Plain area quickly recovered after the war in early Qing Dynasty,and achieved greater development results on the basis of the Ming Dynasty.At this time,the development of the Academies in the Jianghan Plain also entered a fast track.The construction,operation and teaching of the Jianghan Plains academies were influenced by the times and regional factors.The Academies in turn contributed talents for the development of the Jianghan Plain during the Ming and Qing Dynasties.The first chapter of this dissertation sorts out the development track of the Jianghan Plain Academy in the Ming and Qing Dynasties from the local historical materials.It summarizes the development of the academies in the Jianghan Plain during the Ming and Qing Dynasties from the number of the academies,the geographical features of the colleges and the property of the academies.It finds out that the development level and the geographical distribution of the academies in the Jianghan Plain area during the Ming and Qing Dynasties were much higher than era that before them.It is the most rapid development period of the Jianghan Plain academies.Between them,the Qing Dynasty developed more rapidly than the Ming Dynasty..The second chapter of this paper explores the operational characteristics of the Jianghan Plain Academy from the construction process of the academies,the funding of the academy,the teaching of the academy and the management of the academy.During the Ming and Qing Dynasties,from the establishment of the academy,the raising of funds to the teaching activities of the academies,the Jianghan Plains academies was inextricably linked with local authority and officials.The main activities of the academies were deeply involved and strongly influenced by the officials,it was less popular in free private teaching,and the character of them is not much different from the official school.However,due to the official attention and active participation of the academies,the scale of them is relatively large,and their funds are abundant.The academies provides more educational resources for the local society,they has become a local educational institution that as important as local official schools.Finally,although the academy’s autonomy was weak,it still had a relatively independent side in their own teaching policy and the daily management,presenting a different face of development from the official schools.The third chapter of this paper mainly discusses the influence of the Jianghan Plain Academies on the local society during the Ming and Qing Dynasties.First of all,as a cultural and educational institution,the academies made outstanding contributions to improving the local cultural level and improving the cultural atmosphere in the Jianghan Plain.Secondly,the cultural facilities and cultural activities of the academies provide uncommon carrier for the creation and preservation of local culture.Finally,the academies’ education method which was different from that of the official schools contributed diverse talents for the development of Jianghan Plain area.The paper discusses the interaction between the academy and the local society mainly through the example of Wang Baixin and Jingnan Academy.