A Comparative Study On The Financial Revenue And Expenditure Structure Of Chinese And American First-class Public Universities

Higher education is the basis of national development,which determines the overall quality of the group of people who constitute the main force of social development.Since our country announced a batch of "double first-class" construction universities in 2017,governments at all levels have increased the investment of university funds,so is it enough for Chinese universities to support their own development by waiting for government funds? Entering the ranks of the world’s top universities is also a test of how universities use their money,and how they balance spending on research and student development.The United States is a well-deserved power in higher education.In addition to some top private universities,there are many world-class public universities that undertake the higher education of most students in the United States.In view of the similarities between Chinese and American public universities,this paper explores the differences in financial revenue and expenditure between China’s first-class universities and world-class public universities,in order to find out the characteristics of a reasonable financial revenue and expenditure structure,and proposes feasible improvement measures and Suggestions according to the existing problems in the financial revenue and expenditure structure of Chinese universities.In the current construction under the background of the "double top",using literature research,case analysis and data analysis in reasonable argument based on fiscal revenue and expenditure structure on the meaning of university development,according to the selected case university public financial data analysis of the first-class universities of China and the United States the characteristics of the respective financial revenue and expenditure structure and the change of three years each composition key element and change trend of the future.Then it compares the income structure of Chinese and American public universities,including government grant income,research project and contract income,social fund raising income,as well as the expenditure structure of teachers’ investment,student training investment,research investment,etc.,in this process,it finds out the unreasonable structure offinancial revenue and expenditure of Chinese universities.It is found that the income sources of top public universities in the United States are diversified.In addition to tuition and miscellaneous fees,scientific research projects and contracts,government grants and social financing are very important supplementary methods.Compared with the United States,China’s first-class universities still have not got rid of their over-dependence on the government,and their ability to raise funds through socialization is weak.Although they show the trend of diversified income to some extent,they still focus on the income from government appropriation and the income from college and university,showing the characteristics of "dualization" income structure.In addition to spending on teaching and research,the top public universities in the United States spend most of their money on a range of ancillary expenditures,including student grants and social services.Comparatively speaking,the education expenditure of China’s universities is the largest,accounting for almost all the expenditure,but this part of the expenditure is far from enough for the investment in teachers and student training,and there is also the problem that the investment in basic research is too little.In the process of difference comparison,it is found that the financial information disclosure of Chinese universities is not transparent enough,which is mainly reflected in the fuzzy division of each component element of expenditure structure and the lack of specific data disclosure.In view of the problems found in the process of the research,some Suggestions are put forward for the optimization of the financial revenue and expenditure structure of the university.The financial revenue structure of universities: first,the government increased the amount of allocation and paid attention to balancing regional differences,accelerated the adjustment of the structure of R&D expenditure,and worked with universities to improve the allocation and evaluation system of scientific research funds.Second,the state has introduced policies to encourage donations,and colleges and universities have established standardized donation systems,increased forms of donations and expanded sources of donations.Third,enhance the ability of social service,and actively cooperate with the government and enterprises to realize the transformation of scientific research achievements.In terms of the structure ofuniversity financial expenditure,firstly,enhance the transparency of financial information;Second,the university should improve the performance evaluation mechanism of project expenditure.Third,increase the expenditure on student training and improve the student financial aid system;Fourth,reform the salary system of university teachers.