Research On The Influencing Factors Of Local Higher Education Fiscal Expenditure Based On Regional Structure

The competition between countries in the world today is the competition of comprehensive national strength with economic competition and science and technology competition as the core.As the main position of cultivating high-level talents,higher education plays an important role in promoting economic and social development,and needs the support and guidance of the government.Under the current financial system of higher education in China,the responsibility of financial support for higher education is mainly in the local government.In the past ten years,the development of local higher education has made some achievements,the scale of students has expanded,and the government’s financial expenditure has increased,but there are still some problems,which need to optimize the local higher education financial expenditure.First of all,this paper explains the current situation of local higher education fiscal expenditure through a simple analysis of the data.In the past ten years of 2007-2017,the overall scale of local higher education fiscal expenditure showed a trend of increasing,at the same time,the proportion of the total local higher education expenditure was also increasing,except for a few years,the local higher education fiscal expenditure showed a small negative growth,other years have varying degrees of growth.The scale of financial expenditure varies greatly among different administrative subordinate colleges and universities,and the average expenditure of students in central colleges and universities is obviously higher than that in local colleges and universities.In terms of regional structure,local higher education students in provinces and regions Although average fiscal expenditure increased,the growth rate lagged behind per capita GDP.At the same time,there are large regional differences in the average financial expenditure of local higher education students,and the difference between the maximum value and the minimum value is more than four times.It is worth noting that the difference is quantified by the Theil index,and it is found that the difference mainly comes from the inter-provincial difference in the region,and the overall difference rate shows the trend of decreasing the differencegradually in the past ten years.Secondly,from the theoretical point of view,it analyzes the influence mechanism of various influencing factors on the financial expenditure of local government’s higher education.The economy is the foundation of the existence and development of human society,and the level of economic development determines the financial ability of local government,and then determines the scale of the financial expenditure of higher education.Under the system of fiscal decentralization,the mismatch of local government power and financial power,and the existence of "promotion tournament" between governments,lead the government to have a certain tendency in the direction of fiscal expenditure.The local government’s willingness to spend on higher education is related to the direction of graduates’ mobility.As a rational economic person,the government’s willingness to spend out of the country will be greatly reduced.Thirdly,using the data of every province in our country from 2007-2017,the empirical analysis of panel data model shows that: whether from provincial level or regional level,the level of economic development is positively affecting the local higher education financial expenditure,the better the economic base of provinces and regions,the greater the government expenditure on higher education;with the increase of fiscal decentralization,the less the local government expenditure on higher education;The level of urbanization,the size of students,the number of schools and the degree of openness also have different degrees of influence on the local higher education financial expenditure.Finally,based on the education expenditure system of developed countries and the actual situation of our country,we put forward some policy suggestions to optimize the local government’s higher education financial expenditure: raising the level of economic development,rationally dividing the central and local power and financial power,perfecting the transfer payment system,changing the government function,widening the financing channels and establishing a perfect legal system,etc.