An Empirical Study On The Load Characteristics And Training Effects Of Chinese Elite Male Canoeing Athletes In Winter Training

"Strengthening physical fitness,making up for weaknesses" is the overall training requirement of the national men’s canoeing team during the 2018-2019 winter training period.The quality of the training effect during the winter training directly affects the competitive level that the athletes can achieve during the competition.The National Men’s Canoeing Team has repeatedly won gold in the 2019 World Canoeing Competition and successfully qualified for the Tokyo Olympics.This is closely related to the training effect achieved during the winter training.The scientific process of the kayaking training system is a practical process of continuous exploration and innovation of project characteristics and training rules.Summary and reflection on past training are of great benefit to a comprehensive understanding of training rules and guidance of training practice.This article takes the training load and training effect of the national men’s canoeing team in the 2018-2019 winter training period as the research object.Through the use of literature data method,expert interview method,mathematical statistics method,tracking test method and field observation method.The overall training design of the canoeing team during the winter training period,the implementation of each stage and overall load,the testing and monitoring of the training process have been systematically studied,and the main conclusions are as follows:(1)During the winter training,the overall training volume showed a steady decline,and the training intensity steadily increased.In the sub-altitude training stage,the amount of land training is much greater than that of water training.The water training is mainly based on long-term aerobic endurance training,and the land training uses maximum strength training and running training as the main intensity training courses.In the plain training phase,the intensity and volume of training on the water are gradually increased,accelerating the conversion of land-based capabilities to water-based capabilities.(2)The characteristics of the training load on land during winter training are: the overall training volume shows a trend of rising first and then falling,and the training volume and training intensity are the largest in the basic strengthening and accumulation section.The strength training during the winter training period focuses on maximum strength training,and the strength endurance training is mainly arranged in the early stage of the plain training phase.Running training mainly focuses on aerobic endurance training and aerobic intensity training.In the sub-altitude training phase,focusing on the use of high-intensity interval training to develop athletes’ aerobic capacity.(3)The characteristics of water training load during winter training are: the overall training volume shows a trend of first decline and then rise,and the training intensity gradually increases,reaching the maximum in the special accumulation and strengthening section.During the winter training period,water training focuses on the development of basic endurance,and the training of basic endurance intensity levels accounts for the main proportion of each training section.Specialized maximum strength training is reflected in the training of each section,and the proportion of special accumulation and strengthening sections is the highest.The main purpose is to prevent long-term endurance strokes from causing the excitability of the athlete’s nervous system to decrease and maintain maximum speed feeling.(4)Through the analysis of the test results during the winter training period,it is proved that the performance of aerobic test items such as 3000-meter running,12,000-meter water stroke and maximum oxygen uptake have been significantly improved,indicating that the aerobic capacity of the athletes has been significantly improved during the winter training.The performance of strength test items such as bench press,pull-ups,lying down and deadlift have been significantly improved,indicating that the strength training arrangement during winter training is reasonable and the training effect is significant.In the special function test,the average power of 10-second full stroke,30-second full stroke average power,and90-second full stroke average power increased significantly,indicating that athletes’ special functional power during winter training has been well developed.During the winter training,the National Men’s Canoeing Team successfully completed the stage goals,and some athletes reached the championship standard in a number of tests.In the body composition test,the sub-altitude training stage successfully completed the training task of "increasing muscle and reducing fat",but the plain training stage failed to maintain the pre-training effect.