The Study On The Changes Of Gender Differences In The Access To Higher Education In The United States After World War Ⅱ

After World War II,the United States,as the first country in the world to realize the popularization of higher education,is at the forefront of international promotion of gender parity in higher education.This study uses the enrollment rate,gender equality index,conditional probability and difference coefficient as the measurement indicators,and takes higher education enrollment opportunities of different gender students since World War II as the research object.In four aspects,a more comprehensive analysis of the changes in gender differences in school access opportunities was conducted.The study found:In general,the gender difference in schooling opportunities gradually narrows with the increasing enrollment rate of girls.After achieving gender parity,the schooling opportunities for girls gradually exceed those for boys.In terms of different ethnicities,regardless of whether they are white,black or Hispanic,the gender difference in admission opportunities shows a trend of narrowing and then expanding.The advantage of boys for opportunities continues to decline,while the advantage of girls for opportunities constant increase.In addition,the difference in admission opportunities between various ethnic groups has been shrinking.Although the white ethnic group still occupies a favorable position in admission opportunities,the differences between this ethnic group and the black ethnic group and the Spanish ethnic group are constantly narrowing.In different types of colleges and universities,the distribution of admission opportunities in the four-year public schools gradually changed from "more men and less women" to "more women and less men";in the four-year private schools,the distribution of opportunities has continued to be equal to men and women,and there are universities.The phenomenon of "feminization";in the two-year public schools,the advantages of girls in the distribution of opportunities are increasingly prominent,and the degree of gender equalization of enrollment opportunities continues to increase;in the two-year private schools,the advantages of boys in obtaining enrollment opportunities continue to weaken.As a result,girls are in a better position.In terms of subject selection,the phenomenon of "men,women and science history" gradually weakened,the gender barriers between subjects began to be broken,and the scope of gender selection of subjects became wider and wider.