Research On The Policy Tools For The Transformation Of Scientific And Technological Achievements In Chinese Higher Education Institutions

Scientific and technological innovation has become the driving force to promote the development of all countries.As the main body of scientific and technological innovation,higher education institutions play an important role in the process of scientific and technological innovation.However,although China has become a knowledge producing country,it is far behind the developed countries in the application and diffusion of knowledge.A large number of scientific research achievements of higher education institutions are difficult to be transformed into productive forces to promote social development,which not only hinders the reform and development of higher education itself to a certain extent,but also restricts the construction of innovative country.Therefore,based on the policy text of the transformation of scientific and technological achievements in Chinese higher education institutions,through the research on the application of policy tools,this paper explores the existing problems and their causes,and then puts forward suggestions on optimizing the selection of policy tools,aiming to promote the further development of the transformation of scientific and technological achievements in higher education institutions through the improvement of policies.This paper focuses on the core issue of "the current situation of policy tools for the transformation of scientific and technological achievements in higher education institutions".Based on policy tool theory,this paper mainly uses content analysis,literature method and Nvivo based qualitative analysis,and carries out this research along the idea of "problem raising-theoretical analysis-model construction-empirical analysis-discussion and suggestion"."Law of the people’s Republic of China on Promoting the Transformation of Scientific and Technological Achievements" was officially promulgated in 1996,which is an important historical node.Therefore,this paper takes 102 policy texts on the transformation of scientific and technological achievements in higher education institutions from 1996 to the present(2020)as the research object.This paper mainly uses the content analysis method,combined with the characteristics of the transformation of scientific and technological achievements in higher education institutions,based on the policy tool theory,constructs a three-dimensional analysis framework with the policy tool dimension as the main axis,and the stage dimension and main dimension of the transformation of scientific and technological achievements in higher education institutions as the auxiliary axis.Based on the three-dimensional analysis framework,the analysis unit and category are defined and the policy text is coded.Then the results after the reliability and validity test are counted and quantitatively analyzed to explore the application and problems of policy tools for the transformation of scientific and technological achievements in Chinese higher education institutions.It is found that there are some problems in the policy of transformation of scientific and technological achievements in Chinese higher education institutions,such as the unbalanced use of various types of policy tools,the great difference in the distribution of policy tools in various stages,and the lack of synergy of policy tools acting in higher education institutions.For the problems found in the study,this paper analyzes the causes of the problems in the application of policy tools for the transformation of scientific and technological achievements in Chinese higher education institutions from three aspects: the differences in the characteristics of policy tools,the impact of policy environment and the interest game between policy subjects.Finally,according to the above analysis,suggestions for optimizing the selection of policy tools are proposed from three aspects: transforming government functions and giving full play to the role of the market,strengthening the selection of policy tools and protecting the rights and interests of higher education institutions,optimizing the structure of policy tools and choosing innovative tools,in order to promote the improvement of the policy system of scientific and technological achievements transformation in Chinese higher education institutions.