Design And Application Of Question Scaffolds In STEM Teaching In Primary Schools

Under the background of "mass innovation and mass entrepreneurship",China has paid more and more attention to the cultivation of high-quality compound talents in recent years,especially the cultivation of students’ problem-solving ability and interdisciplinary study in school education.As a new educational mode of interdisciplinary learning,STEM education has become an important way to cultivate students’ problem-solving ability and interdisciplinary learning attitude in basic education.However,in the current STEM teaching in primary schools,most of them still focus on learning scientific knowledge and build the foundation step by step,failing to overcome the disadvantages of traditional subject based teaching.Question scaffolding as an effective learning process support tools,can support students develop thinking,guides the student to understand the problem from different angles,according to the different ways,analyzing problems,and effectively solve the problem,complete integration of multi-disciplinary knowledge in the process of learning to learn,is conducive to the cultivation of the students’ ability to solve problems and interdisciplinary learning attitude.Therefore,the research on the design of question scaffolds in STEM teaching in primary schools is of great significance both in theory and practice.This research at home and abroad on the STEM education and question scaffolding,on the basis of existing research,based on the constructivism learning theory,the theory of the zone of proximal development and teaching design theory,using literature method,experimental method,questionnaire investigation and interview method,etc.,for the research of the following two aspects:(1)elementary school STEM teaching problems in the design support.Including determining the design principle of question scaffolding in primary school STEM teaching,constructing the design scheme of question scaffolding,designing the application mode of question scaffolding in primary school STEM teaching,and putting forward matters needing attention in the use of question scaffolding in primary school STEM teaching.(2)Verification of the application effect of question scaffolding in STEM teaching in primary schools.Through specific teaching practice,the effect of problem solving ability and interdisciplinary learning attitude is tested in various forms,such as learning task list analysis,student works analysis,problem solving ability measurement result analysis,interdisciplinary learning attitude measurement result analysis and teacher and student interview.The research conclusions are as follows:(1)Designed question scaffolds in STEM teaching in primary schools.On the one hand,the types and examples of question scaffolding in STEM teaching in primary schools are designed,and on the other hand,the application mode of question scaffolding in STEM teaching in primary schools is constructed.Among them,the types and examples of question scaffolding include nine kinds: question-focused scaffolding,question-elaborated scaffolding,question-refined scaffolding,question-program scaffolding,question-validation scaffolding,question-process scaffolding,question-clarification scaffolding,question-evaluation scaffolding and question-reflection scaffolding.The application model includes four parts: teaching process,teacher activity,student activity and question scaffolding.(2)Practice shows that the application of question scaffolding in STEM teaching in primary schools is effective.Specifically,it can effectively improve students’ problem-solving ability and cultivate students’ interdisciplinary learning attitude.