Research On The Impact Of Urban Compactness On Labor Migration

Labor migration is a significant social phenomenon accompanying with the high-quality development of China’s economy.Cities have improved urban compactness through intensive construction such as optimizing spatial structure and improving functions to attract labor inflows and enhance urban vitality in the background of the new era of human settlements.Based on this,this paper analyzes the impact mechanism of urban compactness on labor migration from the four dimensions（population,economy,land use and transportation）.And it selects macro data and individual micro data of 35 large and medium-sized cities in China from2008 to 2017,using the multi-level logistic model to conduct empirical research.And it makes an empirical study by using multi-level logistic model and uses the endogenous method to test the conclusions.Finally,one urban characteristic of geographic location and five individual characteristics of gender,marriage,age,type of household registration and education level are introduced into the model to study the heterogeneity of urban compactness on labor migration.The main work of this article is as follows:（1）This paper analyzes the impact mechanism of urban compactness on labor migration from four dimensions.This paper defines the urban compactness from the four dimensions of population,economy,land use and transportation,and discusses the impact of urban compactness on labor migration.Population compactness affects labor migration by exerting human capital externalities and resulting in human capital distortion and misallocation;Economic compactness affects labor migration by increasing employment opportunities;Land use compactness affects labor migration by reducing living costs and bringing urban heat island effects;Transportation compactness affects labor migration by affecting commuting costs,the environment and resource allocation.（2）Combining macro and micro data,this paper empirically tested the influence mechanism by using multi-level logistic model.Combining the macro data at the city level with the micro data at the individual level,this paper establishes a multi-level Logistic model and tests the impact mechanism.The results show that urban compactness has an inverted "U" impact on labor migration.It means labor migration shows a trend of increasing first and then decreasing with the improvement of urban compactness.From the perspective of different dimensions of urban compactness,population compactness,land use compactness and traffic compactness have an inverted "U" shape on labor migration.However,economic compactness has a positive impact on labor migration.（3）From the perspective of urban heterogeneity and labor heterogeneity,this paper studies the difference in the impact of urban compactness on labor migration.Due to the heterogeneity of labor and city,this paper compare the differences in the sensitivity of labor to urban compactness when selecting heterogeneous migrating cities and study the influence of urban compactness on heterogeneous labor migration.The study found that when labor chooses to flow into inland cities,it is more sensitive to the increase in population,economy,and land use compactness,and less sensitive to traffic compactness from the perspective of heterogeneity at the city level.Compared with coastal cities,urban compactness has a greater impact on labor flow into inland cities.From the perspective of individual-level heterogeneity,urban compactness is more attractive to unmarried female laborers with older age,higher education level,and rural household registration when they choose to migrate to cities.Based on aboving,this paper hopes that in the process of urban planning and construction,the government had better adhere to the development concept of moderate urban compactness and improving urban compactness according to local environment,so as to take the urban compactness as the "selling point" and ensure the reasonable labor force required for urban economic and social development.