| Human rhinovirus(HRV)is a main pathogen of human respiratory tract infection,belonging to the Enterovirus genus in the Picornaviridae family,divided into A,B and C species,consisting of 80 HRV-A,32 HRV-B and 57 HRV-C in all 169 genotypes.At present,the genotype distribution characteristics of HRV in China are still unclear,and its etiological role in clinical severe respiratory infections is still controversial.This study aimed to the genotype characteristics of HRV in China in recent years,and isolates virus strains to provide a basis for elucidating the genotype distribution characteristics of HRV and revealing its pathogenic role in severe pneumonia.The respiratory tract samples in this study were from acute respiratory infection cases enrolled in 2014-2018.Nucleic acid tests identified positive HRV,a total of 986 cases.The viruses were typed by amplifying the viral nucleocapsid protein genes VP 1 and VP4/VP2 from 404 HRV cases.Sortable sequences were obtained.Through the evolutionary analysis of the above genes,the results showed that there are 104 genotypes,including 59 genotypes of A species,accounting for 73.7%of the known genotypes,and 18 genotypes of B species,accounting for 56.2%of the known genotypes.27 genotypes of C species,accounting for 47.3%of known species of C.According to the clinical diagnosis of respiratory tract infection and pneumonia,based on Spearman correlation analysis,gender(P=0.025).age(P<0.01),and HRV species(P<0.01)were significantly related to the diagnosis of pneumonia,and more cases in males with severe pneumonia were the highest(177/293,60.4%)(?2=4.5,P<0.05),45-65 years old(103/293,35.1%)(?2=32.1,P<0.01).HRV-B(44/44.100%)is more risk than HRV-A(179/279,64.2%)and HRV-C(70/81.86.6%)(?2=34.3.P<0.01).Genotype A51(?2=5.1.P=0.02)and C11(?2=4.3.P=0.03)were significantly associated with severe respiratory infections(P<0.05).Pathogens were co-detected in 166 HRV positive samples,Klebsiella pneumoniae was detected most frequently(20/166,12%),followed by M),coplasma pneumoniae(1 5/166,9%)and Streptococcus pneumoniae(14/166,8.4%).HRV-A has a total detection rate of 24.1%(65/279)cases,59%(26/44)cases of type B and 30.8%(25/81)cases of type C.There was no significant difference in the co-detection rates of species A,B and C(P=0.19).To further explain the pathogenic role of HRV,we selected HRV-positive respiratory tract samples of lower respiratory tract infection cases.Samples were inoculated Hl-HeLa cells to isolate HRV strains and a total of 21 isolates were obtained.Sequence analysis showed that 21 isolates belonged to 15 genotypes,namely A01.A10,A16,A24.A30,A45,A60,A73,A89,A94,A98,B27,B42,B52 and B86.The neutralization test showed that 3 of the 21 isolates could be neutralized by in the serum of the original HRV-positive cases during the recovery period and had a 4-fold increase in titer,suggesting that HRV infection plays an important etiological role in the occurrence of severe pneumonia.Although the strains were isolated from the sample;But 18 strains did not produce antibodies with a 4-fold increase in convalescence serum of the positive cases of their origin,suggesting the complex etiological significance of HRV in clinical infection.In summary,this study provides an in-depth explanation of the genotype characteristics of the HRV epidemic in China.Obtaining HRV strains will provide usable resources for further elucidating the etiological role of the virus in severe respiratory infections. |
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