Preparation And Electrochemical Properties Of Polyurethane-based Carbon Composites

This paper uses polyurethane as carbon-based material,Firstly,polyaniline modified polyurethane foam-based carbon composite(PU/PANI)and nickel oxide-doped polyurethane/polyaniline foam-based carbon composites(PU/PANI/Ni O)were prepared by in-situ polymerization,chemical blowing and carbonization methods.Secondly,graphene oxide modified polyurethane foam-based carbon composites(PU/GO),nickel oxide-doped graphene oxide/polyurethane foam-based carbon composites(PU/GO/Ni O)and nickel cobalt oxide doped graphene oxide/polyurethane foam-based carbon composite(PU/GO/Ni Co₂O₄)were prepared by hydrothermal method and carbonization method,respectively.Finally,polyaniline modified polyurethane-based activated carbon nanofibers composites(ACNF/PANI)and nickel oxide-doped polyurethane-based activated carbon nanofibers/polyaniline composites(ACNF/PANI/Ni O)were prepared by electrospinning,carbonization and in situ polymerization methods,respectively.X-ray diffraction(XRD),X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS),scanning electron microscopy(SEM)were used to characterize the structure and microstructure of the polyurethane-based carbon composites.At the same time,cyclic voltammetry(CV),electrochemical impedance spectroscopy(EIS),and galvanostatic charge-discharge(GCD)were used to test the electrochemical performance of the polyurethane-based carbon composites on an electrochemical workstation with a typical three-electrode system.The prepared polyurethane-based carbon composites were used as electrode materials to assemble supercapacitor devices,and the specific capacitance,power density,energy density and cycling stability of the devices were was evaluated by a Land Battery Test System with a two-electrode system.The experimental results show that the polyaniline modified polyurethane foam-based carbon composite has a"chain-like"porous structure and the obtained PU/PANI/Ni O composite after doping with nickel oxide exhibits a"coral-like"porous structure.Moreover,the specific capacitance of the composite increases from the initial53 F·g^-1 to 253 F·g^-1 and 1012.8 F·g^-1 at a current density of 1 A·g^-1,respectively.The graphene oxide-modified polyurethane foam-based carbon composite exhibits a"sandwich-like"sandwich porous structure with a"-GO-PU-GO-"structural unit,and the obtained PU/GO/Ni O composite after doped with nickel oxide shows a regular"spherical"hierarchical porous structure,but when doped with different contain of nickel cobalt oxide,the obtained PU/GO/Ni Co₂O₄ exhibits different porous structure from"lattice-like","chorn-like"to"grass bundles".Moreover,the composite increases from the initial 53 F·g^-1 to 490 F·g^-1,1184.2 F·g^-1 and 1350 F·g^-1 at a current density of1 A·g^-1.In the polyaniline modified polyurethane-based activated carbon nanofiber composite,the polyaniline was coated on the surface of the polyurethane-based activated carbon nanofiber.However,the obtained ACNF/PANI/Ni O composite after doped with nickel oxide,the sheet shaped polyaniline was vertically distributed on the surface of the polyurethane-based activated carbon nanofiber exhibits an open network porous structure.Moreover,the specific capacitance of the composite increases from the initial 221 F·g^-1 to 452 F·g^-1 and 1530 F·g^-1 at a current density of 1 A·g^-1,respectively.Finally,the supercapacitors assembled with the prepared polyurethane-based carbon composites all exhibit higher specific energy,specific power and good cycle stability.Therefore,the polyurethane-based carbon composites prepared in this paper have the potential to be applied to electrode materials of supercapacitors.