Application Of Cu₂O And Its Composite Materials In Tumor Diagnosis And Treatment

Cancer seriously threatens people's life and health.Although the rapid development of nanomedicine has opened up new avenues for the treatment of cancer,however,due to the lack of specific targeting of many nanomedicines for tumors,they cause unnecessary damage to normal tissues and cause serious side effects.On this basis,the combination of the tumor microenvironment and the physic^ochemical properties of the materials will develop diagnostic reagents that respond to the tumor microenvironment,and only display diagnostic and therapeutic functions within the tumor,which can not only improve the effect of tumor diagnosis and treatment,but also reduce the damage to normal tissues.Based on this,this paper prepared two smart reagents triggered by the tumor microenvironment based on Cu₂O and its composite materials,and carried out two parts of work:The first part:based on the characteristics of endogenous hydrogen sulfide that is highly expressed in colon cancer,a hyaluronic acid-modified Bi-doped cuprous oxide(Bi:Cu₂O@HA)integrated intelligent reagent for diagnosis and treatment of colon cancer was constructed.When Bi:Cu₂O@HA smart reagent reacts with H₂S overexpressed in colon cancer,it will generate sulfide with strong absorption in the near-infrared region,triggering its photothermal therapy function;Surface-modified HA can specifically target colon cancer tumor cells and improve the enrichment of smart reagents at tumor sites;In addition,bismuth has a high atomic number and strong X-ray attenuation,which can be used for CT imaging.Both in vivo and in vitro results showed that the material has good CT imaging and colon cancer targeting functions,and the photothermal therapy function triggered by endogenous hydrogen sulfide can effectively inhibit the proliferation of tumor cells without obvious toxic and side effects on normal tissues.The intelligent reagent provided new reagents and ideas for the diagnosis and treatment of colon cancer.The second part:combining the weakly acidic environment and highly expressed glutathione,hydrogen peroxide of tumors and the instability of cuprous oxide materials under weak acid and their Fenton-like catalyst properties,bovine serum albumin-modified cuprous oxide was constructed,using a single-atom catalysis strategy triggered by the slightly acidic tumor,we explored the enhanced chemodynamic therapy effect.Solution results showed that Cu₂O can release Cu ions under acidic conditions,which improved the generation efficiency of hydroxyl radicals and enhances its Fenton-like reaction effect.Cell experiments showed that this strategy can effectively kill tumor cells and improve the effect of chemodynamic therapy.