The Historical Process And Realization Path Of Mixed Ownership Reform Of State-owned Enterprises

Mixed ownership is one of the important forms of realizing the basic economic system of our country,and it is also the breakthrough point of the reform of state-owned enterprises in the new era.Vigorously promoting the reform of mixed ownership is conducive to the practice and development of Marxism,to promoting the common development of all ownership economies,and to improving the socialist distribution pattern.Therefore,the research on the reform of mixed ownership in state-owned enterprises is of great significance.In the 1990 s,the concept of mixed ownership appeared,so far,many problems in the reform of mixed ownership have attracted social attention,but there are few systematic studies,especially from the perspective of Marxism in China.Based on such a historical and realistic background,this paper comprehensively adopts literature research,historical research,case study and other methods to study the reform of mixed ownership of state-owned enterprises from the perspective of Marxist theory.This paper combs and analyzes the course of mixed ownership reform of state-owned enterprises in China,and divides four stages according to its evolution logic and important nodes: germination,initial development,promotion of integration and comprehensive deepening.From 1978 to 1991,in order to overcome the shortcoming that the power of our country's economic management system was too centralized at that time,this stage,within the framework of the planned economic system,carried out the exploration of decentralization and profit,separation of two powers,horizontal economic union and so on.From 1992 to 2002,with the development of market economy,in the establishment and perfection of modern enterprise system and the adjustment of the distribution of state-owned economy,various ownership capital infiltrated each other in the course of operation,and also helped the state-owned enterprises to achieve the goal of getting out of difficulties smoothly.From 2003 to 2012,with the improvement of the supervision andmanagement system of state-owned assets and the strengthening and expansion of state-owned enterprises,the speed of reform of mixed ownership slowed relatively,and entered a period of policy-driven integration.Since 2013,a new round of mixed ownership reform of state-owned enterprises has focused on key areas,strengthening the role of pilot demonstration and focusing on the innovation of enterprise mechanism,which has a distinct epochal,progressive,systematic and profound nature.From the perspective of Marxism,this paper abstracts the three most core relations in the reform: the relation of party,government and enterprise,the relation of different capitals,the relation of capital and labor,and analyzes the practical difficulties of the reform in the framework of the three relations.First,the relationship between party,government and enterprise,from taking the party organization as the leading core to taking the corporate governance structure as the core,the vitality and governance of state-owned enterprises have been significantly enhanced,and the relationship between party,government and enterprise has been relatively straightened out.In terms of capital relations,there are some misunderstandings about the status and relationship between state-owned economy and other ownership economies,the most prominent of which is the misunderstanding of pure "national retreat from the people's advance" and pure "national advance from the people".Third,in terms of labor-capital relations,with the gradual disintegration of the "identity system" and "unit system" of the workers' ranks of state-owned enterprises,under the labor relations contract,the property rights of employees are relatively missing,the role of employee governance is relatively weakened,and the ownership status of employees in state-owned enterprises is actually restricted to a certain extent.Based on the above analysis,the paper puts forward the concrete implementation path.First,the relationship between party,government and enterprise,from the vertical and horizontal two dimensions of comparison and investigation of foreign and domestic reform cases,proposed to comprehensively strengthen the corporate governance structure of the party leadership,SASAC as the core to optimize the state capital supervision system.Second,in terms of capital relations among ownership,the paper proposes to coordinate the relationship between the two in the practice of deepening reform and perfecting the system design,to do a good job of state-owned capital advance and retreat,to speed up the work of property rights protection,and to take a "common advance" development road with "two legs ".Third,further coordination of labor relations,with the deepening of reform,in order to better mobilize the enthusiasm of employees,on the basis of making up for the lack of employee property rights,to build a more reasonable community of interests between enterprises and employees,and to strengthen the role of employee organizations in the corporate governance structure.Finally,this paper selects two representative pilot cases of mixed ownership reform of China Eastern Airlines Group(subsidiary level)and Unicom Group(group level),which embeds three dimensions of the realization path to verify its logical rationality.This paper not only focuses on the important role of party,government and enterprise relation,capital relation and labor-capital relation in the reform of mixed ownership of state-owned enterprises,but also pays more attention to the internal mechanism and evolution of the interaction between the three.The reform of state-owned enterprises in our country started from the central devolved enterprises to coordinate the relationship between power and responsibility of the party,government and enterprises,and promoted the adaptive change of capital relation and labor relation,while the reverse force of capital relation and labor relation were relatively not prominent.In the new era,the breakthrough reform of capital relation and labor relation will actively counter the healthy development of the relationship between party,government and enterprise,and the interaction of the three forces shows a significant trend of strengthening.The interaction between the three is the internal logic of the reform of state-owned enterprises in the new era,and jointly promotes the standardization,perfection and systematic development of the ecological system of state-owned enterprise reform.