| Objective:Subthreshold depression is a risk factor for major depression and is closely related to increasing mortality and disease burden.Negative perfectionism,negative emotional regulations and negative coping styles are susceptible personality,cognition and behavior of depression respectively.This study intends to explore the influencing factors and mechanism of subthreshold depression of medical college students from the perspective of personality,cognition and behavior,and put forward reasonable suggestions to provide effective methods for the prevention and control of subthreshold depression of college students.Methods:In this study,a cluster sampling method was used to conduct a questionnaire survey on undergraduates and graduate students from four medical colleges in Beijing.The questionnaire included the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale(CES-D),Chinese version of Frost Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale(CFMPS),Chinese version of Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire(CERQ-C),simple coping style questionnaire and self-compiled general situation questionnaire.Combined with AMOS 22.0 and SPSS 22.0 statistical software,this study used t test and analysis of variance for the status of perfectionism,negative emotion strategies,negative coping styles and subthreshold depression in descriptive analysis and difference analysis,used Pearson correlation analysis to test the correlation between variables,used stepwise multiple linear regression to test the linear model of subthreshold depression,and used structural equation model to verify the mediating effect of negative emotional strategies and negative coping styles between negative perfectionism and subthreshold depression.Results:1.A total of 1200 paid questionnaires were recovered through Wenjuanxing(a platform providing functions equivalent to Amazon Mechanical Turk).After excluding questionnaires of low quality,1016 valid questionnaires were obtained,with an effective rate of 84.67%.This study included 254 boys(25.0%)and 762 girls(75.0%),included 704 undergraduates(69.3%)and 312 graduate students(30.7%),included 502 only children(49.4%)and non-only children 514(50.6%),included 643(63.3%)students borned in city and 373(36.7%)students borned in countryside,included 906(89.2%)students with good parental marital status and 110(10.8%)students with other parental marital status(separation,divorce,widowed).2.There were 701(69.0%)students in the subthreshold depression group and 315(31.0%)students in the normal group.There was no significant difference in subthreshold depression scores among all demographic data(p>0.05).In the dimension of perfectionism,girls were more organized than boys(t=-2.276,p<0.05),graduates were more organized than undergraduates(t=-2.182,p<0.05),and undergraduates were higher than graduates on the lever of parental expectations and personal standards(t1=3.143,t2=2.603,p<0.01),urban students had higher personal standards than rural students(t=2.532,p<0.05);in the negative emotional stategies dimensions,male students were more likely to blame others than girls(t=3.444,p<0.01),the total score of negative emotion strategies,the level of self-blame and rumination in undergraduates were higher than those of graduate students(t1=2.445,t2=2.212,t3=3.662,p<0.05),the catastrophic level of non-only children was higher than that of only children(t=-2.167,p<0.05),students with parents whose marital status was other(such as separation,divorce,widowed)had higher catastrophic levels than students whose parents marry well(t=-2.472,p<0.05).There was no significant difference in negative coping styles scores among all demographic data(p>0.05)as well.3.There were significant differences between subthreshold depression students and normal students in the dimensions of concern over mistakes,organizing,parental expectations,personal standards,and doubts about actions which belonged to perfectionism,(t1=-8.587,t2=-7.049,t3=-7.933,t4=-16.810,t5=-14.304,p<0.001).There were significant differences between subthreshold depression students and normal students in the dimensions of self-blame,rumination,catastrophe and blaming others which belonged to negative emotion strategies(t1=-9.138,t2=-11.024,t3=-21.748,t4=-10.339,p<0.001).There were also significant differences between subthreshold depression students and normal students in negative coping styles(t=-9.724,p<0.001).4.In the dimension of perfectionism,concern over mistakes were the most strongly related to subthreshold depression(r=0.745,p<0.001),followed by doubts about actions(r=0.612,p<0.001),and then personal standards(r=0.340,p<0.001),and finally parental expectations(r=0.289,p<0.001).While organizing was significantly negatively correlated with subthreshold depression(r=-0.298,p<0.001).5.In the dimensions of negative emotion strategies and negative coping styles,catastrophe had the strongest correlation with subthreshold depression(r=0.712,p<0.001).In addition,rumination was significantly positively correlated with subthreshold depression(r=0.450,p<0.001),self-blame was significantly positively correlated with subthreshold depression(r=0.422,p<0.001),blaming others was significantly positively correlated with subthreshold depression(r=0.397,p<0.001),while the relationship between negative coping styles and subthreshold depression also showed a significant positive correlation(r=0.355,p<0.001).6.Concern over mistakes in perfectionism,organizing in perfectionism,doubts about actions in perfectionism,catastrophe in negative emotion strategies,blames others in negative emotion strategies and negative coping styles had a collective predictive effect on subthreshold depression.Among them,concern over mistakes,doubting about actions,catastrophe,blaming others,and negative coping styles positively predicted subthreshold depression,and organizing negatively predicted subthreshold depression.7.Among the students in medical colleges,negative emotion strategies and negative coping styles played a partial mediating role between perfectionism and subthreshold depression.Conclusion:1.A survey of the current status of subthreshold depression and its distribution among students in medical colleges shows that:The incidence of subthreshold depression among students in medical colleges is much higher than the results of the 2016 study(30.00%).While educating,medical colleges should also pay attention to their students' mental health.2.A study of the potential influencing factors for subthreshold depression in students of medical universities found that:Too worried about mistakes,easy to act doubts,having high parental expectations,having high personal standards,facing problems with catastrophe,easy to rumination,self-blaming or blaming others,and having negative coping styles are all potential influencing factors for subthreshold depression.3.There are positive correlations between concern over mistakes,doubts about actions,high parental expectations,high personal standards,prone to feel catastrophe,rumination,self-blame or blaming others when face of setbacks,negative coping styles and subthreshold depression of students in medical colleges.There is a negative correlation between organizing and subthreshold depression.4.Combining the concern over mistakes,organizing and doubts about actions in perfectionism,the catastrophe and blame others in negative emotion strategies,and the level of negative coping styles can predict the occurrence of subthreshold depression.5.Negative emotion strategies and negative coping styles have a partial intermediary role between negative perfectionism and subthreshold depression.Improving students' emotion strategies and coping styles in medical schools can buffer the impact of negative perfectionism on subthreshold depression to a certain extent. |
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