Research On The Transmutation Of The Supreme God "Heaven" In Pre-Qin To Han Dynasty Literature

In our country,the Supreme God mainly revolves around "Di" or "Tian".From the pre-Qin to the Han dynasty,with the disappearance of the sacredness of the "Di" and the integration of various ideologies and cultures,the belief in the supreme god in ancient China took on "Tian" as the main connotation and a variety of "heaven" images as extensions.Judging from the oracle bone inscriptions,the rulers of the Yin and Shang era regarded "Di" as the supreme god,who could bring blessings to the Shang dynasty's rainfall,and also reduce droughts and disasters.Judging from the oracle bone form of the character "Di",it has the meaning of reproductive worship,so the belief in the supreme god of the Shang Dynasty is closely connected with the worship of ancestors.At the same time,"Tian" also had the meaning of the supreme god in the Shang Dynasty,but it was not used by rulers.In non-wang inscriptions,there was a phenomenon that people and local people regarded "Tian" as the supreme god.During the Western Zhou Dynasty,the official name of the Supreme God had two forms: "Tian" and "Di".Among them,"Tian" was used in a wider range.The emergence of the idea of "Governing Heaven with Virtue" was a new development in the belief in the Supreme God during this period.Therefore,the change of "Di" and "Tian" during the Shang and Zhou Dynasties was not a replacement of the two cultures,but after the "Xiaobang Zhou" controlled the Central Plains,the folk and local way of calling "Tian" was called the supreme god.The royal family brought it into the official language,unifying the local and central government's expressions of the Supreme God.During the Eastern Zhou Dynasty,the belief in the Supreme God had a concrete and historic development.Mythological literature such as "Shanhaijing" and "Chu Ci" recorded a number of roles with supreme god significance.Their strong ability,high status,and great achievements in the text reflect the utmost worship of people.This is the Shang and Zhou Dynasties.As a result of the "concretization" of the Supreme God's belief,these characters can be regarded as the incarnation of "Tian".In addition,due to the development of the humanistic trend of thought,the Supreme God has a new development path,that is,gradually deviating from the belief in the gods,and gradually degenerating into the king of humans with the historicalization of mythology.During this period,the word "Di" was gradually used to call ancient emperors.The names of "three emperors and five emperors" and "five emperors and three kings" appeared one after another in the middle and late Warring States period.The products of human society such as surnames and descent were given to these ancient emperors.The emperor's body.They overlap with the deities of the supreme gods in mythology,and the fusion of the two forms the legendary era of ancient Chinese history.In the process of understanding the world rationally,people attempted to use a certain theory to fully grasp the laws of the universe.The mystified theory of Yin and Yang and the Five Elements and the theory of Divination brought people in the Qin and Han Dynasties into mysticism and worshipped gods.The supreme god of path development has new connotations.During the Qin and Han dynasties,the "Five Emperors" group produced various concepts such as the Five Fang Emperors,the Five Colors Emperors,and the Five Heavens Emperors;a number of new supreme gods appeared one after another.The incarnation of is widely believed by different groups of people.At the same time,the development of immortal thoughts and the prosperous behavior of the alchemist group brought the possibility of immortality,and the emergence of religions in the Eastern Han Dynasty made the supreme gods have sects.People in the Han Dynasty had a new understanding of the relationship between god and man.People no longer believed that the dead relatives would be transformed into gods to affect reality.This led to the gradual diminishing of ancestor worship in the belief of the supreme gods,prompting them to worship the gods.The direction has been further developed.