A Study On The Music Of The Gong Family's Legal Affairs In Fuling, Chongqing

Fuling,located in the hinterland of the Three Gorges Reservoir area and at the intersection of Wujiang River and Yangtze River,is a famous historical and cultural city.Baiheliang,known as "the world's first ancient hydrological station",was first carved in the first year of Guangde(763 AD)of the Tang Dynasty;dianyi cave,a famous Neo Confucianism and educator Cheng Yi's lecture and annotation of Yi,was the main place for Taoist activities in Fuling during the Shaosheng period of the Northern Song Dynasty.As well as Buddhist places-Tianzi Temple(Fayu Temple),Beiya temple,Putuo temple and Wanfo temple.Folk religious beliefs are common,and professional folk mages are responsible for funeral activities and festival blessing activities.The Gong family's teachers and disciples are one of the representative folk mage teams.This paper takes the Gong family's folk ritual as the object,through field investigation,historical data review and literature research methods to collect the contents of scientific procedures,listen to the melody,analyze the score of gongs and drums,and interview the relevant personnel to obtain the first-hand information,and use and use the music By using the methods of music ethnography,music morphology theory and ethnomusicology music analysis,this paper makes a detailed study of the data,excavates the functional value of music and religion,and puts forward some important measures for its healthy inheritance and development.Based on many times of field investigation,a large number of first-hand information,combined with Fuling chronicles and other historical documents,this paper analyzes the favorable conditions of the natural environment and human environment in Fuling area.The good environmental conditions provide a warm bed for the birth and development of Gong's family's legalistic dojo.According to the dictation of the inheritors,this paper sums up the four stages of development of Gong's family's legalistic activities(germination period,growth period,frustration period and Renaissance period)and makes a detailed record of the basic situation of the time arrangement of legalistic activities by using the ethnography recording method.Combined with the knowledge of music morphology,this paper analyzes the mode,rhythm,score of gongs and drums,spinning method and runqiang of Qupai aria obtained from field investigation,and concludes that Gong family's legalistic music is willing to use yudiao aria,diversified development of Qupai melody,rich singing runqiang and specific ending melody type.The deep relationship between ritual and music has been explored,and ritual music has established the mutual benefit function between the human world and the divine world.It also uses the methods of cultural semiotics and sociology to analyze the ritual instruments,musical instruments and clothing props used in Gong's family's ritual activities,clarifies the function of each utensil,and puts forward its social function of inheriting culture,social enlightenment and entertainment appreciation,as well as its religious function of transcendence,communication and blessing.Since its birth,Gong family's legalistic Daoism has gone through a tortuous road of development.On the road of development,it has continuously integrated local opera and folk songs and other art forms,which has won the approval and recognition of the local people.However,its oral teaching and written notation teaching methods have been difficult to have a foothold in today's era.The traditional way of singing performance has been unable to meet people's aesthetic needs.The change of audience aesthetic and the shortage of inheritors are the main problems of its development.In the face of inheritance difficulties,it also ushers in the opportunity that the party and the state attach great importance to the development of traditional culture.This paper analyzes the challenges and opportunities it faces,and puts forward some suggestions on the use of standardized music notation,the establishment of relevant local departments,such as the establishment of the corresponding study institute,Research Institute and other venues,and the application to join the intangible heritage list for protection.This paper is the first time to study the Gong family's legalistic music.Before that,there was no relevant research on Gong family's legalistic music,which is also an innovation of this paper.Listening to and recording the music score of Gong family's legalistic singing provides a standard notation text for its inheritance and development.As a part of Bayu traditional culture,Gong's family ritual music has played an indelible role in educating people,maintaining social stability,promoting economic growth and national prosperity.This study has four aspects of significance: first,it is conducive to the promotion of Bayu culture,so that more scholars feel the special charm of Bayu culture.In the long process of history,Gong's family ritual music has continuously integrated different cultures such as Taoism,Confucianism,Buddhist classics and regional belief in ghosts and gods,and formed a distinctive cultural style by using local folk tunes and artistic forms such as local Sichuan Opera gongs and drums playing method.Secondly,it enriches the theory of folk Daochang music research.Folk culture has strong compatibility and great variability,and there are similarities and differences between regions,which provides a theoretical reference for the research activities of the latter.Third,it is conducive to the inheritance and protection of traditional music culture.In this study,the author of gongs family Daochang Keyi singing part of the tune and lyrics to listen to the collection and collation,the use of musical notation recording way to record the score,collated into a spectrum book,for the intangible cultural heritage protection to retain the text data.At the same time,it also fixed the melody characteristics of the singing,and reduced the influence of the inheritance and learning methods of the master and apprentice's oral teaching on the original singing melody.Fourth,it is conducive to improving the cultural confidence of insiders.Fashi Daochang activities are labeled as feudal superstition,which has always influenced most people's views on it.Fashi Daochang activities are the product of human society and history,including human spiritual activities,which are in line with the definition of culture.Therefore,we should not treat it as feudal superstition to improve our cultural confidence.