Liang Shuming's Research On Intuition

The early intuitionism started under the background of the contrast between Chinese and Western cultures.The cultural differences were condensed in the ideological attitude,and the focus of discussion extended to the field of metaphysics and ethics.In terms of cultural view,intuition is the characteristic of Chinese culture,where the true national spirit lies,showing the unique cognitive style and values of the Chinese people.In metaphysics,intuition is the unique method of metaphysics.Referring to the epistemology of knowledge only,Liang Shuming defined intuition as the third ability between the present quantity and the comparative quantity,and grasped the metaphysical life noumenon by observing the meaning.In the theory of life,intuition is the innate moral instinct,which is used as selfless emotion.Taking Confucius' benevolence as the core content and intuitively communicating inner life and universal life is the right attitude towards life.Liang Shuming's intuition can be divided into three parts,but in fact,it is one.He gave full play to the Confucian theory of mind and nature,and made Confucius' theory of life and morality.Liang Shuming's early intuitive view is insightful in exploring the direction of Confucian modernization,but it is not mature on the whole.Liang Shuming used the resources of Confucianism and Buddhism in the way of "six classics annotate me".The confusion in the use of concepts and the deviation in the interpretation of classics made him unavoidably suspicious of the purpose when he interpreted the relevant texts.Of course,he is not a professional philosopher.Without systematic academic training,he can not be severely criticized according to the standard of a Confucian.Compared with the lack of rigor in academic form,critics' dissatisfaction with his theoretical intuitionism and irrationalism is more to the point.Intuition is mixed with instinctive emotion,and its validity and reliability are questionable.In addition,Liang Shuming defined intuition in comparison with reason,and vaguely opposed intuition and reason,which had the color of irrationalism.It is not difficult to find the dynamic change of Liang Shuming's theory by restoring his intuitive view to his ideological system.After the practice of the rural construction movement,Liang Shuming paid more attention to the study of facts.In essentials of Chinese culture,we don't talk about intuition,but talk about reason instead.Reason and intuition come down in one continuous line and have advantages.On the one hand,reason is separated from instinct and dilutes the subjectivity of intuition;on the other hand,if reason and reason are opposite but not separated,rational intelligence is used by reason and is no longer completely opposite.The formation of cultural psychology in human heart and life is that "human heart" dominates intuition and reason.Reason is "emotion" and reason is "knowledge",which is the two sides of the subject's cognitive ability.The intuitive method has its advantages in philosophy,but for the sake of reality,the social progress at that time was still inseparable from democratic science.Therefore,Liang Shuming's intuitive view consciously reconciled the binary opposition between reason and intuition.Chinese philosophy contains rich intuitive thinking resources,but lacks reflection and integration.In modern times,Neo Confucianism began to pay attention to the demonstration of intuitive method.Liang Shuming advocated intuition to cure the loss of instrumental rationality,focusing on the interpretation of ethics and morality,while ignoring the intellectual side.Xiong Shili takes intuition as the body and reason as the use,pays attention to the study of the intersection of speculation and cultivation,and integrates intuition and reason from the body and use,but his interpretation of intuitive epistemology is still lacking.Inspired by Liang Shuming's intuitionistic thought,He Lin combines the intuitionistic method of Confucianism in song and Ming Dynasties with Hegel's dialectics,reveals the relationship among intuitionistic method,formal analysis and contradictory speculation,and confirms the methodological attribute of intuition.From Xiong Shili's super reason but not anti will to He Lin's post reason intuition,the discussion of intuition is gradually rationalized.