Political Mobilization And Changes In American Grand Strategy

Grand strategy is the overall strategic guideline of a country,which is the holistic plan of a country based on goals and means.A country's grand strategy will constantly adjust with the change of its own strength and the international environment.At the beginning of the founding of the United States,it was unable to compete with the European powers due to its relatively weak strength.Therefore,based on its geographical advantages,the United States adopted the grand strategy of isolationism to reduce its intervention in European affairs.However,with the growing strength of the United States,its expansionism was also on the rise.After the Spanish-American War,the United States gradually moved towards the expansion path of globalism and began to challenge the European countries.After World War I,as the main victor,the United States put forward the initiative of establishing the international order of collective security,but Wilson's “Fourteenth Point Plan” was strongly opposed by domestic isolationists,and the United States was forced to return to the road of isolationism.It was not until “Attack on Pearl Harbor” that the assault on the American mainland finally dispelled the domestic isolationists' sentiment and made the United States choose the grand strategy of globalism again.Roosevelt aimed at continuing Wilson's Strategic target of building a liberal global order and occupy the global leadership position by its own strength.But the sudden death of Roosevelt made America's grand strategy of globalism hit again.The successive Truman administration was faced with the double pressure: the return of domestic conservative forces and the rupture of the relations between the United States and the Soviet Union.In order to fully implement the global strategy of the United States,the Truman administration made an all-round adjustment of the policy guidelines.It successfully realized the strategic goal of American globalism through five means: core issues,elite mobilization,mass mobilization,resource delivery and politics integration,and established a partial liberal international order in the western world,which was then promoted to the whole world after the cold war.But the Truman administration through to exaggerate the threat of political mobilization,also brought some disadvantages: due to the threat construction of communism,ideology became a decisive factor in dividing the relationship between the enemies and friends,so the world also fell into a bipolar pattern for nearly half a century.The strong anti-Communist sentiment also greatly impacted the domestic democracy and political system of the United States.