Diagnosis Of Alternative Framework Of Pre-service Chemistry Teachers In Southwest China Based On Four-tier Diagnostic Test

Alternative Framework refers to concepts or ideas that are not completely consistent with scientific concepts or deviate from the essence of scientific phenomena.There are many alternative frameworks in learners,and the reasons for these alternative frameworks are also various,first of all,the experience brought about in daily life(pre-scientific concepts),It may also be caused by a variety of factors in the learning stage,such as teachers' misleading in classroom teaching,misunderstanding of concepts and examples in textbooks,negative transfer of knowledge,and so on.Alternative framework are stubborn.They will not disappear with the passage of time.Even if learners have different cultural backgrounds,experiences,ages and genders,these alternative frameworks are still common and stable in the learner's mind.According to existing researches at home and abroad,teachers or pre-service teachers may have alternative frameworks similar to those of students,and these alternative frameworks have been rooted in their minds since their student days.However,in our inherent thinking,there is a high trust in teachers' knowledge level and conceptual accuracy,so even teachers themselves do not realize that they may have cognitive deviations and alternative frameworks.Even if pre-service teachers or teachers learn a lot of relevant professional knowledge in the higher education stage,the alternative frameworks in the past are still deeply rooted in their minds,so that they can make wrong judgments in specific problem situations.The curriculum reform of basic education in China is in the stage of further development,which also improves the professional level of teachers.The premise of teachers' professional development is to have accurate and extensive subject professional knowledge,which also affects the teaching effect of teachers.The understanding of concept is also an important part of pre-service teachers' subject understanding,which will guide students to understand the concept in the future teaching.Teachers are not only educators,but also learners.In order for teachers and students to develop and promote together,This requires teachers to constantly introspect and establish a lifelong learning attitude.The research tool of this study is the Four-tier diagnostic test,The research content is "ion equilibrium in aqueous solution",The content is selected from the senior high school chemistry elective four "chemical reaction principle".The purpose of this study is to diagnose the alternative frameworks of pre-service teachers and to verify the effectiveness of the Four-tier diagnostic test in the diagnosis of alternative frameworks.The pre-service teachers chosen by the author are senior chemistry normal students from some colleges and universities in southwest China.Because after undergraduate study,they have generally mastered the relevant professional knowledge and professional skills,and have accepted professional practice or practice at the same time.Will soon join the profession of teachers.The schools belonging to the subjects were divided into three categories to compare and analyze the data: the subordinate teachers' colleges in the southwest region(a),the provincial teachers' colleges in the southwest region(b)and the local teachers' colleges in the southwest region(c).The results show that there are alternative frameworks of different properties and degrees in the five topics related to "ion equilibrium in aqueous solution".(1)From the point of view of the typicality of alternative frameworks: there are 22 typical alternative frameworks for A categories of pre-service teachers,B categories of pre-service teachers have 31 typical alternative frameworks,C categories of pre-service teachers have 35 typical alternative frameworks,These three types of schools have diagnosed a rise in the number of typical alternative frameworks,This is also in line with our estimate of the three types of school subjects;(2)To the extent of alternative frameworks: there are 19 genuinely alternative frameworks and 3 spuriously alternative frameworks of pre-service teachers in A categories;B categories of pre-service teachers have 26 genuinely alternative frameworks and 5 spuriously alternative frameworks;C categories of pre-service teachers have 28 genuinely alternative frameworks and 7spuriously alternative frameworks.Visible,No matter what type of pre-service teacher,They have many alternative frameworks on the theme of "ion equilibrium in aqueous solution".Besides,In addition to being universal,There are differences between individuals,Their alternative frameworks have their particularity.At the same time,on the basis of the traditional test questions,the Four-Tier Multiple-Choice Diagnostic add the cause layer and confidence index section,which is more scientific and reasonable,which improves the evaluation effect of the selected test questions,and the comprehensive judgment and analysis of various data can provide more reliable diagnostic results.The innovation of this subject lies in:(1)Diagnosing the alternative frameworks of pre-service teachers in the content of "ion balance in aqueous solution ",so that preservice teachers can pay attention to the alternative frameworks of students,but also pay attention to their own alternative frameworks;(2)Comparing the degree and distribution of pre-service teachers in southwest China,enriching the research on alternative frameworks in scientific education and promoting the conceptual understanding of pre-service teachers;(3)Verifying whether the Four-tier diagnostic test method is effective in the diagnosis of alternative frameworks.