Design Of Wideband And Wide Beam Circular Polarization Antenna For Satellite Navigation Receiver

Global Satellite Navigation System(GNSS)uses satellite signals to provide users with high-precision,efficient,safe and reliable positioning,navigation and timing services,and plays an indispensable role in military and civil fields.Single satellite navigation system is susceptible to the influence of objective conditions such as working environment,constellation range,and human factors such as politics and military,which cannot guarantee the accuracy and reliability of its navigation,nor can it meet the increasingly high performance requirements of users.Therefore,in order to further improve the positioning accuracy,stability and continuity of satellite navigation,satellite navigation receiver is developing towards multi-mode navigation.With the progress of integrated circuit technology,satellite navigation receiver is also developing towards the integration of navigation and communication.Correspondingly,the "eyes and ears" of the satellite navigation receiver--the antenna--are required to have higher performance: broadband--to cover the working frequency points of different functions;Wide beam-receives more satellite signals.Therefore,the research of satellite navigation receiver antenna is of great significance.Through the above analysis,aiming at the development trend of satellite navigation antenna,this paper studies the wideband wide-beam performance of satellite navigation antenna,designs three antennas,and realizes the wideband wide-beam performance to different degrees.The research work of this paper is mainly divided into the following three parts:1.A novel dual-mode wide-beam circularly polarized microstrip antenna for satellite navigation receiver is designed.The antenna consists of a square patch and four parasitic bands.The circular polarization characteristics were obtained by grooving the diagonal of the square patch,and the coupling between the patch and the parasitic strip was used to generate new circular polarization frequency points on the parasitic strip,thus expanding the axial bandwidth of the antenna.By adjusting the size of the floor,the wide beam performance is achieved.The results show that the impedance bandwidth of the antenna is 1.534-1.593 GHz,and the axial bandwidth is 1.545-1.62 GHz,covering beidou B1 and GPS L1 band,and the corresponding 3d B axial-ratio beamwidth is 160° and 153° respectively.The antenna is a single-layer plate structure with a low profile and can be applied to a variety of receiving devices.2.In order to receive the satellite signals of the four navigation systems at the same time,make up for the lack that the first antenna can only provide dual-mode navigation.A novel multimode wideband wide axis-ratio beamwidth circularly polarized microstrip antenna is designed.The antenna feeds the upper patch through the sequential feed network at the bottom to realize the broadband characteristic.By loading the metal column and triangular parasitic unit,the vertical current is introduced to expand the axial-ratio beamwidth.Finally,the antenna achieved the impedance bandwidth of 64%(1.1GHz-2.1GHz)and the axial bandwidth of 40%(1.16GHz-1.74GHz),covering the four navigation systems.Obtain an axial-ratio beamwidth of more than 100° and up to 146° in the navigation frequency band.The antenna has three layers of dielectric plates with an improved profile compared to the first antenna,suitable for external receivers such as disaster relief vehicles.3.Aiming at the application needs of satellite navigation receiver navigation and communication integration,a wideband wide axial-ratio beamwidth dipole antenna is designed.By loading the parasitic element and the grounding metal column,the antenna generates circularly polarized radiation on the parasitic element by using the adjacent coupling of the cross dipole and the parasitic element,thus expanding the antenna axial-ratio bandwidth.The axial-ratio beamwidth of the antenna is extended by loading the metal back cavity.Finally,the antenna obtained the impedance bandwidth of 91.6%(1.07GHz-2.88GHz)and the axial ratio bandwidth of 68.2%(1.14GHz-2.32GHz).In the navigation frequency band,the axial-ratio beamwidth exceeded 120° and the maximum reached 176°,which could provide an alternative for the integration of navigation and communication.Cross-dipole antennas have wider bandwidth and beamwidth than microstrip antennas,but the antenna profile is also much improved.