Design Of Base Station Antenna Applied To 5G Communication System

With the rapid development of 5G(the fifth generation of mobile communication system),the base station antenna plays an important role in signal reception and transmission as its component.Its performance determines the working condition of the whole system.In order to satisfy the application requirements of high speed,low delay and large capacity,5G base station antenna needs to be designed by using MIMO(large-scale multi-input multi-output)technology,and in order to adapt to miniaturization,wide-angle scanning and other trends,the design of base station antenna faces great challenges.In this context,this paper aims at the research and design of a dual-polarization base station antenna with high isolation and wide angle scanning characteristics.This paper studies the decoupling technology which can ensure wide angle scanning capability for the coupling problem of compact dual-polarization antenna arrays.By summarizing the research progress of decoupling technology and understanding the basic parameters of antenna and the basic principle of antenna array,two kinds of efficient decoupling technology are proposed based on different ideas.On this basis,three kinds of realizable base station antenna array are designed of which working characteristics are analyzed and compared.Specific research and design contents are as follows:1.The working principle of the array antenna decoupling surface is analyzed.Based on this decoupling technology,two efficient decoupling structures are designed to decouple the linear and staggered 1×4 antenna arrays.The antenna arraies are composed of traditional cross-dipole antenna elements with compact arrangement.The impedance matching,isolation and beam scanning ability of the antenna array with and without the decoupling technology are compared by simulation.Based on this,the base station antenna with linear arrangement is physical tested.Finally the two base station antenna can work in the band of3.3GHz-3.6GHz while ensuring the isolation between ports of adjacent units above 20 d B.2.A wide beam miniaturized antenna unit with parasitic patches is proposed.And a crown decoupling parasitic structure is proposed for the cross-dipole antenna,which can effectively solve the complex problem of multiple coupling coexisting in the compact dual-polarized antenna array.The wide-beam miniaturized antenna elements are arranged in a 1×4 antenna array with linear arrangement,and the crown decoupling parasitic structure is used to decoupling the antenna array.The impedance matching,isolation and beam scanning ability of the antenna array with and without the decoupling technology are compared by simulation.On this basis,the base station antenna array is expanded to 6×4,and its performance is evaluated.Both 1×4 and 6×4 antenna arrays are physical tested.The finally realized base station antenna can work in the band of 3.3GHz-3.6GHz while ensuring the isolation between ports above 20 d B,and can guarantee a well beam scanning capability in the range of ±55°.The proposed decoupling techniques have certain engineering application value with excellent effect.The finally proposed base station antenna with crown decoupling parasitic structure can satisfy the design requirements and has strong competitiveness.