Adulterated Identification And Geographical Traceability Of Panax Notoginseng By NMR Combined With Pattern Recognition Method

The market demand of Panax notoginseng(P.notoginseng)is growing rapidly because of its excellent dual-use characteristics of food and medicine.However,the price of P.notoginseng is soaring due to the restrictions on the production area,and led to an endless stream of adulteration of P.notoginseng in the market.The widespread adulteration of P.notoginseng severely disruptes the market order.This thesis is based on nuclear magnetic resonance technology(NMR),combined with pattern recognition methods,to complete the rapid adulteration identification and origin traceability analysis of P.notoginseng.In the first part of this thesis,low-field nuclear magnetic resonance(LF-NMR)was used to collect the relaxation spectra of P.notoginseng powder adulterated with Caulis Clematidis Armandii(CCA)and found T2 and S2 changed linearly as the ratio of adulteration increased.The high-resolution NMR spectra identified and quantified fifty-seven kinds of major and minor components in P.notoginseng and CCA,and suggested that P.notoginseng and CCA were significantly different in ginsenosides,sucrose and glucose.Furthermore,the corresponding partial least squares regression(PLSR)analysis was applied to reveal the relationship between LF-NMR parameters(T2 and S2)and the content of components in P.notoginseng and CCA detected by highresolution NMR,the results indicated that the change of T21 and S21 were attributed to the varied of polysaccharide and sucrose in adulterated P.notoginseng.In addition,the OPLS-DA model has a prediction rate of 100%for samples with an adulteration rate higher than 30%.In addition,the relaxation time-based pattern recognition models were successfully established to indentify adulterated P.notoginseng powder and further verified by DMod PS+method,the blended P.notoginseng can be 100%classified when the adulteration ration was greater than 30%.The results demonstrated that possible applications of LF-NMR combined with pattern recognition in rapid screening the traditional Chinese medicine species from the blended ones and will help to regulate the P.notoginseng market.In order to further study the origin traceability of P.notoginseng,the nutritional components of P.notoginseng from Yunnan,Guizhou,Sichuan and Tibet were analyzed by 1H high-field NMR(HF-NMR)technology,and 52 major components of P.notoginseng from different origins were identified and quantified by their highresolution NMR spectra.Furthermore,the analysis model of P.notoginseng from different origins based on the pattern recognition method was established,and the differential metabolites of P.notoginseng from different origins were visualized and screened to obtain the geographical markers.It was found that the main difference between the four different orgins of P.notoginseng was the the low content substances,such as dopamine,malic acid,acetic acid,serine,fumaric acid,sucrose and gammaaminobutyric acid.In addition,the results of PCA and OPLA-DA showed that the sample of P.notoginseng from Yunnan had the best intra-group clusters,indicating the differences between Yunnan P.notoginseng samples were small,and the quality of these sample was less affected by the geographical origins.Further analysis showed that P.notoginseng from differen geographical origins has unique geographical markers.For example,dopamine,acetic acid and serine are the geographic marker of P.notoginseng from Yunnan,while malic acid and ginsenoside R1,fumaric acid,γaminobutyric acid and alanine are geographic marker of P.notoginseng from Guizhou,Sichuan,and Tibet,respectively.Our results show that HF-NMR combined with pattern recognition method could be used an effective technology for the traceability analysis of P.notoginseng from different producting areas,and is expected to be extended to the identification of the origin of other drugs.