Study On The Influence Of Meteorological Factors On The Phenological Performance Of Pear Varieties And The Physiology Of Leaves And Branches In Gongzhuling And Longjing

In this study,the main pear varieties planted in Jilin Province were used as test materials.The annual variation characteristics of meteorological factors in different ecological planting areas,their effects on phenological period,leaf tissue structure and photosynthetic physiology,and physiological indicators of cold resistance were studied.Then the main meteorological factors were identified.The main results are as follows:1.Comparison of meteorological factors between the two places.The average temperature,sunshine hours,precipitation,sunshine hours and annual effective accumulated temperature from March to November in Gongzhuling were better than Longjing.From March to November,the average temperature in Gongzhuling and Longjing were 13.5°C and 12.3°C,the sunshine hours were 237.0h and 198.0h,the precipitation was 76.7mm and 60.9mm,and the annual effective accumulated temperature was 3558.4°C and 3233.2°C,the frost-free period is 156 d and 153 d respectively.2.Except for the fruit maturity period and defoliation period of ’Pingxiang li’,’Hanhong li’ and ’Hanxiang li’,dew green period,initial flowering period,blooming period,new shoot stop period in Gongzhuling were earlier than Longjing.The length of growing period in Gongzhuling was 12 days longer than that in Longjing.Results of grey correlation analysis between meteorological factors and phenological stages in the two places showed that the meteorological factors affecting different varieties were different.3.There were significant differences in leaf tissue structure between the two sites of the same variety.Palisade tissue thickness,blade thickness,and SR of ’Pingguo li’ in Gongzhuling were significantly higher than those in Longjing.Palisade tissue thickness,spongy tissue and SR of ’Pingxiang li’ in Longjing were significantly higher than those in Gongzhuling.Palisade tissue thickness,CTR and palisade and spongy ratio of ’Hanhong li’in Gongzhuling were significantly higher than those in Longjing.Upper epidermis thickness,palisade tissue thickness,spongy tissue and blade thickness of ’Hanxiang li’ in Longjing were significantly higher than those in Gongzhuling.4.There were significant differences in the photosynthetic performance of leaves.Photosynthetic performance in Gongzhuling was better than that in Longjing.Photosynthetic score sorting in Gongzhuling were ’Hanhong li’,’Pingxiang li’,’Pingguo li’,’Hanxiang li’.Photosynthetic score sorting in Longjing were ’Pingguo li’,’Hanxiangli’,’Pingxiangli’,’Hanhongli’.There was a significant positive correlation between the comprehensive score of shoot cold resistance and the comprehensive score of leaf photosynthetic performance in dormant period.Comprehensive score of cold resistance ability were ’Hanhong li’,’Pingxiang li’,’Pingguo li’,’Hanxiang li’ in Gongzhuling,’Hanhong li’,’Pingguo li’,’Hanxiang li’,’Pingxiang li’ in Longjing respectively.5.There were significant differences in shoot physiological indexes between the two regions.The MDA content of ’Pingguo li’ and ’Hanxiang Li’ in Gongzhuling was significantly lower than that in Longjing.The soluble protein content of ’Pingxiang li’ and’Hanhong li’ in Gongzhuling was significantly lower than that in Longjing.The soluble sugar,starch content and superoxide dismutase(SOD)activity of the tested varieties were higher in Gongzhuling than those in Longjing.There were also differences between different varieties in the same region,but there was no rule to follow.In conclusion,the main meteorological factors(average temperature,effective accumulated temperature and sunshine duration,etc.)and the length of the growing season in Gongzhuling were better than those in Longjing,which were more conducive to the growth and development of pear trees and the related performance.The differences in phenological period,leaf tissue structure and photosynthetic performance,and physiological indexes of shoot cold resistance between the two sites reflected different responses of the genetic composition to meteorological factors.Meteorological conditions in the growing season affected the photosynthetic performance of the leaves and the nutrient accumulation of the trees to a certain extent,and indirectly affected the cold resistance performance of the branches.Therefore,not only the extreme low temperature in winter should be considered during introduction and trial planting,but also the comprehensive performance in the growing season.