Definitions Of Quantum Tunneling Time And Studied By Entangled Trajectory Method

Quantum tunneling is an important phenomenon in quantum mechanics,and the study of quantum tunneling time is useful for deeper understanding of the quantum tunneling process.The time of a particle in or out a potential barrier during quantum tunneling cannot be determined directly.Therefore,it is a challenging problem to explore the quantum tunneling time.Physicists have used different methods to describe the time for a particle in or out the potential barrier.Phase time,BL time,PM time,dwell time,and Larmor time are all ways to describe the tunneling time,and they can describe the tunneling time under suitable initial conditions.Some physicists believe that the time of particle motion in the potential barrier may be in the complex form.Sokolovski,Baskin and Yamada et al.have calculated the tunneling time in the complex form using methods such as Feynman path integration.Larmor clock,attosecond,and photon interference methods are all capable of measuring quantum tunneling times experimentally.The entangled trajectory method is able to simulate the evolution of particles in the quantum tunneling process.The tunneling time can be obtained by taking the average value of the dwell time of the transmitted trajectories.The tunneling time,reflecting time and dwell time of the particle vary with the initial momentum of the particle in the Eckart potential.The tunneling time decreases as the initial energy of the particle increases,the reflecting time increases as the initial energy of the particle increases,and the dwell time increases at the beginning with the increase of the initial energy of the particle and then decreases with the increase of the initial energy of the particle after reaching the maximum value.Using the phase of the plane wave as it crosses the potential barrier describe tunneling time.This method is more suitable for the case where the energy of the particle is lower than the potential barrier,and the calculation is relatively simple.The tunneling time of complex color waves can be calculated by combining the state superposition principle with this method.In the delta potential,the phase-like time is more influenced by the particle energy than other tunneling times.This tunneling time generally decreases with the increase of the initial energy of the particle.The study of tunneling time has made great progress,and there are various methods to describe tunneling time.It is difficult to directly describe the specific motion pattern of the classical forbidden particles.It is difficult to describe the specific motion patterns of classical forbidden particles,the understanding of imaginary momentum is not deep enough,and there are many ways to describe the tunneling time,and it is difficult to find a unified theory to describe the quantum tunneling time.In the next study,we will explore the motion patterns of classical forbidden region particles and the unified quantum theory of quantum tunneling time.