A Comparative Study On The Climate Policies Of The Two Major Parties In The United States Under The Background Of International Climate Governance

As a scientific topic,climate change has attracted more and more attention all over the world.As a superpower in the world,the United States plays a vital role in Climate Governance in the international community.However,the climate policy of the United States lacks coherence,which has been reversed again and again with the change of the ruling cycle of the Democratic Party and the Republican Party.In order to better analyze the similarities and differences of climate policies during the administration of the two major parties in the United States,this paper constructs a comparative framework,which includes the utilization of fossil energy,the development of new energy,the commitment to reduce carbon dioxide,and the actions to participate in International Climate Governance Cooperation(including signing protocols,agreements and providing assistance funds and Technology).Using the method of comparative study,this paper compares the changes of climate policy under the rotation of the two major parties in the United States,and tries to explain the differences and causes of the climate policies of the two major parties under the same national background,political culture,language,religion and other factors.As for the background of International Climate Governance,it is not only because the evolution of the climate policies of the two major parties in the United States is accompanied by the process of International Climate Governance,but also because the climate policy of the United States itself involves international climate governance matters.Therefore,the change and swing of the climate policies of the two major parties directly affect the actions of international climate governance.Since the end of the Cold War in the early 1990 s,global climate governance has become a major concern of the international community.From the United Nations Convention on Climate Change and the Kyoto Protocol to the Paris Agreement,it reflects the phased development of the international climate governance process.At the same time,the United States experienced five presidents,from the Clinton period positive response to climate change,resolutely signed the Kyoto protocol,help international climate governance cooperation,to the bush climate policy retreat,superposition,until reverse,out of the Kyoto protocol,to Obama period to promote energy transformation,mechanism change,strive to shape the American leader in the international climate cooperation,signed the Paris agreement.During the Trump administration,the US climate policy had been reversed again,which increased the production and support of fossil energy,rejected multilateral cooperation in international climate governance,withdrew from the Paris Agreement,and marginalized climate issues.During the Biden administration,the US climate policy has listed climate change as a priority in national development,actively promoted emission reduction and carbon neutrality,returned to the Paris Agreement,and reshaped the US leadership in international climate governance and attaches importance to building an international climate governance order.In comparison,the two parties have different perceptions of the importance of climate change,their willingness to participate in international climate governance cooperation,and their support and trends in energy development.Why do the climate policies of the two major political parties in the United States vary so greatly that they periodically swing and flip?In fact,the President’s professional(industry)identity background and class base is leading to different two major important variables climate policy,and the two parties of ruling ideas and ideological tendency and its political polarization of political polarization,etc.,also explains the two major parties climate policy differences and swing,flip can not be ignored.Of course,there is no denying that the climate policies of the two political parties are in common.For example,climate policies are formulated and operated for the same purpose to safeguard the national interests of the United States,and in requiring developing countries to take responsibility for emissions reduction and advocating energy independence in the United States.From a comparative perspective to explore the different climate policies between the two political parties in the United States since the 1990 s,One is because the United States is now the world’s largest emitter of carbon dioxide,It is also the strongest developed country and the dominant country of the international system,Without American participation and support,International climate governance is unlikely to work out;Second,the influence of domestic politics on its foreign policy has long been an indisputable fact,This paper presents a comparative study of climate policy in the United States,Also based on concerns about international climate governance and expectations for promoting cooperation between countries,After all,the interaction and mutual influence between domestic political economy and international political economy are objective existence.