| Gradually along with our country urbanization,the city has become the main space of the residents’ daily life,and the phenomenon of high density of population in cities,exacerbated by China’s shortage of urban water supply,urban environmental pollution and other issues,and significantly affected the quality of residents’ living space,which ACTS as a deterrent to bound the city sustainable development ability.For solving water resources constraint conditions,therefore,the direct impact to the urban development,and promote the sustainable development of the regional water shortage city,this paper takes advantage of the inherent characteristics of the concept of water footprint,water footprint for the typical community issues discussed in-depth research,reflects the real life of the community level water use efficiency,the main contents are:(1)Conduct in-depth research on the water footprint theory and related literatures of urban domestic water,and gradually establish the theoretical research foundation.The water footprint represents the total amount of freshwater directly and indirectly used,consumed and polluted.Water footprint is divided into blue water footprint,green water footprint and grey water footprint.Water footprint is a measure of water use efficiency,which is closely related to human behavior.The community water footprint studied in this paper refers to the water consumption directly related to urban communities,excluding the virtual water in food that enters the body.Through the analysis of the connotation of water footprint,the definition of the basic concept of community water footprint and relevant theories and research results at home and abroad,a more systematic and perfect theoretical support is formed.(2)"megacities" in this article refer to cities with an urban population of more than1 million,covering "megacities","megacities" and "megacities" in official standards.The characteristics of domestic water footprint in big cities are analyzed from a macroscopic perspective.The water resource constraint in big cities is obvious,water resource is scarce and domestic water supply pressure is high.From the national distribution of big cities,the most prominent big cities with water resource constraint and supply and demand pressure are concentrated in North China.For Beijing,special attention should be paid to the problem of water resource constraint.Beijing needs to do specific research according to the special situation of water resource shortage in North China.Under the constraint of water resources,irrigation of blue water resources is an important part of the community water footprint in big cities.Therefore,the water footprint at the community level mainly includes the water footprint of residents’ daily water use behavior and the water footprint of community green landscape maintenance.(3)The empirical study of community water footprint selects typical communities in Beijing.The research objects are Xili Community of Xihuangxin Village,Nanli Community of Xihuangxin Village,Bajiao North Road community and Dongli Community of Tongzhou District.The investigation content of community water footprint is divided into two parts: water footprint quantity and water footprint characteristics.The water footprint can be divided into household water footprint and community public environment water footprint.The results of community water footprint can be obtained quantitatively through observation,interview,questionnaire and measurement.According to the results of water footprint,the characteristics of community water footprint are analyzed quantitatively and qualitatively.The characteristics of community water footprint are as follows :(a)the community water footprint is affected by household population factors--the per capita water footprint of multi-generation households is lower,and the reuse of water resources is higher for multi-population households;(b)The water footprint of a community is affected by household water consumption--bathing,washing,mopping,flushing and watering plants all have an impact on daily per capita water consumption;(c)The community water footprint is affected by the time of water consumption--residential water consumption has the characteristics of monthly and diurnal variation;(d)Community water footprint is affected by community public space environment--the different status levels of public green space,waterscape and environmental cleanliness result in huge differences in community environmental water footprint.(4)Based on the results of community water footprint characteristics in the empirical survey results,the optimization strategy of community water footprint characteristics was proposed.Optimization countermeasures are proposed from four aspects of household population,water consumption behavior,water consumption time cycle and public space environment.(a)For the aging communities with the elderly as the main body,strengthen the reuse of water resources and reduce the water footprint of the old communities from the perspective of recycling water.For the communities with office workers as the main body,efforts should be made to promote water-saving appliances and improve the development of water-saving technology.(b)From the perspective of water use behavior,residents should be encouraged to form the habit of collecting and recycling their wastewater.The waste water can be used to mop the floor,clean the floor and water the flowers in time,which can not only prevent the sanitation problems caused by waste water deterioration,but also reduce the water footprint.(c)The time periodic variation of residents’ household water footprint is more obvious in residential areas dominated by office workers or mixed residential areas,which is mainly caused by the daily commuting rule of office workers.In apartment communities dominated by young people,emphasis should be placed on water-saving management during peak summer water consumption.(d)In order to reduce the water footprint of community public space,non-traditional water supply systems should be actively developed,rainwater collection and utilization systems should be established,and water resources at the water supply end should be maximized. |
