The Comparative Study On Fecal Microbial Community Of Wintering Whooper Swan,and Caged Swan In Sanmenxia Reservoir Area

Intestinal microbe,also known as an "organ" composed of animal organisms,plays a key role in maintaining host health,and its community structure is influenced by host feeding habits and interspecific relationships.The gut microbes of different species living in the same area can spread from one another,especially among wintering birds.Therefore,attention must be paid to the intestinal microflora of migratory birds and native animals.Whooper swan,a migratory bird,is a national second-class key protected animal.It overwinters in Sanmenxia Swan Lake Wetland Park of the Yellow River in central China,Tianjin in the east and Qinghai Lake in the west in November every year,which may affect local animals.Designed by high-throughput sequencing technologies,therefore,determine the whooper swans wintering sanmenxia city swan lake wetland park with local battery black swan and mute swan structure of intestinal flora and potentially pathogenic bacteria experiment,through the winter whooper swans and caged black swan and mute swan gut bacteria community structure research,whether whooper swans flora structure can bring the impact on local animal,And infer the potential pathogenic bacteria in their intestines.This study mainly consists of the following two parts:Part One: Diversity analysis of intestinal flora of overwintering whooper swan,caged black swan and mute swan Through the analysis of 75 samples(20 of which were black swans;Mute swans 30;).DNA extraction,validation,amplification,library construction and computer sequencing were performed on 25 swan feces samples.The structure and difference of fecal flora were analyzed,and the following results were obtained:(1)The intestinal microbial community of overwintering whoswans,caged black swans and mute swans consists of 33 phyla,286 families,596 genera and 9721 ASV/OTU,accounting for 6.3% of the total.The number of ASV/ OTUs that could be annotated into the database was 98.25%,96.15% at phylum level,95.46% at class level,92.02% at order level,87.92% at family level,67.75% at genus level and 15.88% at species level.(2)At the phylum level,although proteobacteria,Firmicutes,Bacteroidetes and actinomycetes are the dominant species in the three species of swan,there are great differences in the ratio.At the family level,286 families were noted for all three species of swans,of which 123 were common.A total of 147 families were noted for overwintering whoswans,and the main flora were Moraxella,Enterobacteriaceae,enterococcaceae,digestive streptococcaceae,Chomonas tubulariaceae,Botulinum,erysipelaceae,sphingomonas and aeromonas.At the genus level,596 genera were annotated for the three species of swans,311 genera were annotated for whooper swans,and 201 genera were common to the three species.The genera with the highest abundance of whooper swans were Escherichia coli and Shigella,followed by Acinetobacter,followed by Enterococcus,Sphingobacter,Chomonas tubulae,Lactobacillus and Colobacter,respectively.The average abundance of acinetobacter,Escherichia coli and Shigella,Enterococcus,Chomonas tubescens,Sphingobacter,Couterella,Colobacillus,Erysipelis,Trichococcus,Lactobacillus,Rombutzia,Bacteroides,Staphylococcus and spirella were in the top 14.The plant growth-promoting bacteria that ranked fifth in intestinal microbial abundance of overwintering whooper swan was not among the 14 genera with the highest average abundance.(3)There were significant differences in the alpha and beta diversity of intestinal microbial community of overwintering whooper swan,caged black swan and mute swan.Part Two: Analysis of intestinal potential pathogens of overwintering whooper swan,caged black swan and mute swan based on the data obtained in the first part,all confirmed bacterial species were searched manually on Pubmed as search keywords,and the species considered to have potential pathogenic ability of humans or animals were selected and analyzed.The following results are obtained:(1)The total number of potential pathogenic bacteria detected in the faeces of mute swans,caged black swans and mute swans during the winter was 26,of which 14 were detected in the stool of mute swans,16 in mute swans and 15 in black swans.(2)there are five kinds of potential pathogens in the feces of mute swans,caged black swans and mute swans during the overwintering period.The number of potential pathogens detected by the mute swan,black swan and black swan respectively were 4,6 and 2,accounting for 28.6%,40% and 2.5% respectively.(3)An analysis of the intestinal pathogens potentially pathogenic to overwintering whooper swans,caged black swans and mute swans has found that the pathogenic bacteria potentially carried by overwintering whooper swans are not harmful to humans but may be fatal to the living birds in the vicinity.