Climate Justice Research From The Perspective Of Genus Ethics

Climate change has brought serious impacts on people’s survival and development.Climate justice has always been an important issue in international climate negotiations,but there are controversies about the priority and rationality of different climate justice theories,so it is especially important to take care of climate justice from the perspective of the whole human race.Therefore,this article examines the three mainstream theories of climate justice from the perspective of genus ethics,which takes the overall interests of human beings as the pivot of value judgment,analyzes the reasons for their problems,and tries to make a certain moral defense for poor countries and developing countries on the basis of moderate concessions of individual and group interests,in order to seek a higher universality of climate justice from a genus posture.At present,there are three main mainstream theories of climate justice.Utilitarian climate justice theory believes that the allocation of greenhouse gas emissions among countries should be based on the maximization of economic interests of each country.But utilitarian climate justice theory ignores the different preferences of countries for national interests and neglects fairness and justice in the allocation process;corrective justice climate justice theory believes that the allocation of greenhouse gas emissions should be based on the historical responsibility of each country for greenhouse gas emissions,and this theory believes that developed countries should take responsibility for their large historical greenhouse gas emissions.However,the corrective justice theory of climate justice suffers from ambiguity and difficulty in defining responsibility;the egalitarian-based theory of climate justice believes that the allocation of greenhouse gas emissions must be based on equal distribution among countries on certain grounds,and the most accepted human rights equality theory of climate justice suggests that the allocation must prioritize the right to subsistence emissions.But the theory does not argue well for the importance of the right to development,nor does it give a reason why egalitarianism should be accepted.At the level of the conscious "genus",we examine the three dominant theories of climate justice in terms of genus ethics.In the case of utilitarian climate justice theories,classical utilitarianism was born when Marx revealed the second stage of human or social development,namely the individual.The root cause of the two problems of utilitarian climate justice theory is also that human beings have become slaves to things in commodity exchange;the phenomenon of alienation in the political and economic spheres has led to the inescapable dichotomy of a commodity economy society.Thus,the article proposes to move toward an ethical climate governance.In the corrective justice theory of climate justice,the article replaces individual responsibility for historical greenhouse gas emissions with a consciously developed individual genus consciousness;it argues that the state should take collective responsibility in climate justice.In the egalitarian theory of climate justice,a non-relativist approach can be used to provide a moral defense of each individual’s equal right to live with emissions and development by applying Marx’s "dichotomy" on the nature of human beings.All of the above arguments provide a practical value coordinate for the realization of climate justice.Based on this,the article attempts to construct a composite theory of climate justice based on genus ethics:firstly,based on the right to equal living emissions,greenhouse gas emissions are allocated according to the actual needs of people in different regions.After the initial allocation is completed,the distribution of GHG emissions is then based on the principle of convergence of cumulative emissions per capita within a specified period of years based on the right to equal development.Again,countries that have historically emitted large amounts of greenhouse gases are required to fulfill their historical responsibilities in the form of finance and technology.Finally,because cumulative emissions per capita converge,developed countries’ emissions per capita are to be lower than historical ones,and there may be a shortage of GHG emissions,which in turn requires the purchase of emission rights.Because developed countries have the technology and poor countries and developing countries have the emission rights,it is fair and efficient to establish a global carbon emission trading market at this time.