| Objective: As the elderly age,lower limb function(including balance,muscle strength and postural control)gradually declines,resulting in compromised movements such as walking,sitting,standing and climbing stairs,reducing quality of life.Studies have shown that lower limb function decline is an important cause of falls in older people.Exercise interventions are an important way to delay the decline of lower limb function and improve the quality of life of older people,and multi-component exercise interventions are more effective than single exercise interventions.In the complex environment of the community,older people need to perform multiple tasks(including motor and cognitive tasks)at the same time,such as crossing the street and talking on the phone while walking,etc.Multicomponent exercise alone does not improve the ability of older people to perform motor and cognitive tasks at the same time,so it has been proposed to use multi-component exercise combined with cognitive training,which is more closely related to the daily life of older people.Multi-component exercise intervention programmers are based on aerobic,strength and balance exercises.Studies have been conducted to design multi-component exercise combined with cognitive training programmers,but multi-component exercise intervention programmers only include one or two exercise modalities,and the findings are inconsistent.Therefore,the aim of this study was to investigate the effects of multi-component exercise based on aerobic & strength & balance exercises combined with cognitive training on lower limb function and quality of life in older women.Methods: Forty-four elderly women who met the requirements were recruited from the communities of Luozhuang,Jimenli and Capital university of physical education and sports in Haidian District,Beijing and randomly divided into an experimental group(22)and a control group(22).The experimental group underwent multi-component exercise combined with cognitive training,with multi-component exercise including aerobic,strength and balance exercises,and cognitive training including calculation,narrative and memory task training,three times a week for 45-60 minutes each time for 6 weeks;the control group did not undergo the intervention.Lower limb function in both single-task and dual-task contexts and quality of life were measured before and after the intervention.Lower limb function included lower limb muscle strength,static balance function,dynamic balance function and postural control.The 30-second sit-to-stand test was used to evaluate lower limb muscle strength,and the plate-type plantar pressure testing system was used to test the distance the center of force in the X-axis(COF-X),the distance the center of force in the Y-axis(COFY),the total traveled way(TTW)and ellipse area(EA)was used to evaluate static balance,the Timed Up and Go Test(TUGT)to evaluate dynamic balance and the Y-balance test to evaluate postural control.The Medical Outcomes Study 36-Item Short Form Health Survey(SF-36)was used to evaluate quality of life in two areas: physical component summary(PCS),which includes physical function(PF),role physical(RP),body pain(BP)and general health(GH),and Mental component summary(MCS),which includes vitality(VT),social function(SF),role emotional(RE)and mental health(MH).SPSS 26.0 was used for statistical analysis,and independent samples t-test was used to determine the differences in the indicators between the experimental and control groups before the intervention,and repeated measures ANOVA was used to determine the differences in the indicators between the experimental and control groups after the intervention.Results: Five participants withdrew from the experiment for personal reasons during the experiment,and finally 39 participants completed the 6-week intervention,including 18 participants in the control group and 21 participants in the experimental group.Before the intervention,there was no significant difference between the experimental and control groups(p > 0.05)in any of the tested indicators.After the 6-week multi-component exercise+ cognitive training intervention,(1)the experimental group had a significantly higher number of 30-second sit-to-stand sessions in single(19.81 ± 6.33 vs.16.11 ± 3.38,p < 0.05)and dual(17.19 ± 6.38 vs.12.33 ± 3.90,p < 0.05)task contexts than the control group;(2)the experimental group had a significantly higher number of TUGT time in the single(7.13± 2.17 s vs.8.00 ± 1.41 s,p < 0.05)and dual(8.30 ± 3.74 s vs.9.10 ± 1.85 s,p < 0.05)task contexts than the control group;(3)the experimental group scored significantly higher on the left foot(92.02 ± 8.54 s vs.83.36 ± 8.72 s,p < 0.05)and right foot(90.76 ± 9.48 s vs.80.53 ± 10.60 s,p < 0.05)in Y-balance than the control group;(4)there were no significant differences in COF-X,COF-Y,TTW and EA in the experimental group compared to the control group(p > 0.05);(5)all indicators of PCS and MCS of quality of life in the experimental group were not significantly different compared to the control group(p > 0.05).Conclusion: Six weeks multi-component exercise based on aerobic & strength &balance exercises combined with cognitive training can significantly enhance lower limb muscle strength and dynamic balance function in single and dual task situations,and improve postural control in elderly women,but have no effect on static balance function and quality of life. |
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