Remote Sensing Identification And Dynamic Monitoring Of Potential Habitats Of Red-crowned Cranes

The red-crowned crane is one of the world’s first-class endangered species,it needs open wetland environment as its habitat,and red-crowned crane is most sensitive to changes in the wetland environment,but due to the current population explosion and rapid socio-economic development in China,wetlands are gradually degraded,arable land and residential land continue to expand,so China began to carry out the"return of farmland to wetlands""Returning farmland to grass"and other policies.Therefore,in order to better target the conservation of this species,it is especially important to create a good habitat environment.This paper takes Huihe National Nature Reserve(Huihe Wetland)as the research object and selects 8 periods of Landsat remote sensing images from 1985 to 2020,combined with fieldwork data for visual interpretation,and finally obtains 8 periods of landscape type data of Huihe Wetland.The spatial and temporal dynamics of Huihe wetland was analyzed by transfer probability matrix and other methods;then,based on the scholars and fieldwork data,the conditions of the potential habitat of red-crowned crane were discerned,and the potential habitat of red-crowned crane was extracted for the 8 periods from 1985 to 2020,and the spatial and temporal dynamics of the potential habitat of red-crowned crane were explored based on dynamic attitude analysis and other methods;after that,by selecting the appropriate landscape pattern index,the potential habitat of red-crowned crane was Finally,a total of 11 drivers,including topography,climate,location,economy and population,were selected based on the conditions of the driver selection rules and the susceptibility of red-crowned cranes to disturbance,and the contribution rate of each driver was calculated using the Land Expansion Analysis Strategy(LEAS)in the PLUS model.The results of the analysis are as follows.(1)Based on the analysis of the landscape classification data of Huihe wetland,it is obtained that the bright water area of Huihe wetland decreased by a total of 130.61 km2from 1985 to 2020,showing a decreasing trend with a growth rate of-73.87%;the area of marsh meadow(wet meadow)decreased by a total of 100.70 km~2with a growth rate of-12.86%;the area of meadow grassland decreased by a total of 144 km~2with a growth rate of-52.24%;the remaining categories,except for riparian sands,showed an increasing trend.According to the data obtained from the transfer probability matrix,the four landscape categories of bright water,typical grassland,saline marsh and marsh meadow have a high frequency of transformation in the last 35 years.(2)The selection of potential habitat for red-crowned cranes should meet the following conditions at the same time:food conditions,moisture conditions,seclusion conditions,far from residential land,cultivated land,roads,etc.Therefore,in this paper,the optimal land use of 3.14 km~2marsh meadow is selected as the habitat for red-crowned cranes,and the distance from open water,residential land,cultivated land and roads are also taken into consideration to obtain the final potential habitat for red-crowned cranes.After that,remote sensing identification and dynamic monitoring of the images of the potential habitat of red-crowned crane were conducted,and it was found that the habitat of red-crowned crane had an increasing trend in 1990,and then decreased year by year,with almost no change from 2005 to 2015,and then decreased significantly in 2020,and the potential habitat of red-crowned crane decreased from the initial 451.24 km~2in 1985 to 191.68 km~2in 2020,with a total The decrease was 259.56km~2,and its dynamic attitude first showed a trend of yearly decrease,slowly increased during 2005-2015,and then began to decrease by 2020.(3)Through the selected landscape pattern index,the landscape fragmentation analysis of the potential habitat of the red-crowned crane,combined with the landscape pattern index of the potential habitat of the red-crowned crane in Huihe wetland from1985 to 2020,the overall landscape shape of the habitat of the red-crowned crane in Huihe River is relatively simple,and the change of the landscape fragmentation degree in the past 35 years shows an undulating fluctuation,and the fragmentation degree is relatively high in 2010 and 2020.(4)Based on the conditions of the Danthin crane habitat,11 driving factors were selected,involving 5 conditions of topography,climate,location,economy and population,and the contribution of these driving factors were finally obtained using the Land Expansion Analysis Strategy(LEAS)module in the PLUS model,ranked from largest to smallest as distance from bright water>distance from residential land>distance from road>elevation>average annual temperature>annual precipitation>Distance to cultivated land>GDP>slope>population density>slope direction.This shows the importance of the influence of moisture conditions and disturbance conditions on the habitat of red-crowned cranes.