Study On The Effects Of Different Improved Materials On The Physical And Chemical Properties Of Saline-alkali Soil And Maize Quality In Hetao Irrigation District Of Inner Mongolia

Tumd Right Banner is located in Hetao Irrigation District of Inner Mongolia.Due to the unique local climate and soil environment,it has been an important grain and oil production base in China since ancient times.However,due to the inland location,less precipitation and strong evaporation,long-term flood irrigation has caused serious soil salinization.Large-scale salinized soil seriously restricts the sustainable development of local agriculture.How to improve and utilize local saline-alkali land to produce agricultural products with higher yield and better quality is of great significance to the highquality development of local agriculture.Therefore,in view of the above problems,this study carried out a study on the effects of different improved materials on the physical and chemical properties of saline-alkali soil and the growth and development of maize in Wayao Village,Tumed Right Banner,Baotou City,Inner Mongolia Maize(Hongfeng 556)was used as the test material,and a single-factor randomized block design was used.Different proportions of different improved materials were used as experimental treatments,and a total of 8 treatments were set up.The soil physical and chemical properties,maize photosynthetic physiology,yield and quality related indicators were measured at different growth stages,and the effects of different improved materials on soil physical and chemical properties and maize growth and development were clarified.The optimal improved material ratio suitable for high-yield and high-quality maize planting in moderate saline-alkali land in Hetao Irrigation District of Inner Mongolia was proposed.The research results will provide scientific and technological support for efficient utilization of saline-alkali land and high-quality agricultural development in Hetao Irrigation District.The main conclusions are as follows:(1)The combined application of different improved materials significantly reduced soil bulk density,pH and total salt content in different soil layers,and increased soil total porosity,non-capillary porosity,organic matter,available nitrogen,available phosphorus and available potassium in different soil layers.Among them,T8 had a better effect on improving soil physical properties and nutrient status.Compared with CK,the average bulk density of each soil layer decreased by 9.37%,the average non-capillary porosity increased by 292.56%,the average organic matter increased by 34.56%,and the average alkaline nitrogen increased by 9.75%.T5 had a better effect on soil pH and total salt content.Compared with CK,the pH of each soil layer decreased by 11.25%and the total salt content decreased by 17.92%.(2)The combined application of different improved materials significantly promoted the growth of maize and improved the photosynthetic performance of maize.Compared with CK,T8 significantly increased the plant height and stem diameter of maize at each growth stage,with an average increase of 20.71%and 6.90%,respectively.Compared with CK,T5 significantly increased the SPAD value and net photosynthetic rate of maize at each growth stage,which increased by 0.14%and 32.00%,respectively.(3)The application of different improved materials significantly increased maize yield and improved maize quality.Compared with CK,the yield of each treatment increased by 56.17%on average,and the yield of T8 was the highest,which was 5.08 t/hm2,which was 123.41%higher than that of CK.Compared with CK,the crude ash content of maize grain decreased by 10.56%on average,the crude protein content increased by 11.62%on average,the neutral detergent fiber content increased by 8.89%on average,and the starch content increased by 2.34%on average.(4)The response relationship between maize yield and quality and soil physical and chemical properties was preliminarily clarified.The analysis showed that maize yield had a good negative correlation with soil bulk density and a good positive correlation with organic matter content.Maize quality had a good positive correlation with soil available nitrogen and available potassium,and had a good negative correlation with non-capillary porosity.The application of new modifiers played a major role in increasing maize yield,with a contribution value of 38.00%.The application of decomposed sheep manure played a major role in improving the quality of maize,with a contribution value of 52.11%.(5)In summary,T6-[desulfurization gypsum(7.5 t/hm2)+new modifier(15 t/hm2)+decomposed sheep manure(7.5 t/hm2)]had a better effect on improving the quality of maize in Hetao saline-alkali land of Inner Mongolia.T8-[desulfurization gypsum(7.50 t/hm2)+new modifier(7.50 t/hm2)+decomposed sheep manure(3.75 t/hm2)]had the best effect on maize yield increase in Hetao saline-alkali land of Inner Mongolia.Through comparative economic benefit analysis,it can be seen that T8 has better economic benefits and is the best improved material ratio suitable for high-yield corn planting in saline-alkali land in Hetao Irrigation District of Inner Mongolia.