| In recent years,the space activity represented by the Shenzhou series manned spacecraft and Tiangong Space Station has been in a rapid development stage,indicating that our country has the ability to carry out farther manned space activities,The significance of such activities for the future of human beings is inestimable.During the flight mission,because there is no protection of the Earth magnetic field,human is directly exposed to the universe.The spacecraft,especially the astronauts,will be damaged by the cosmic rays radiation in the universe environment.This is a problem that must be solved by aerospace activities.We must have reliable data to solve this problem and better protect the lives and health of astronauts.Our current knowledge of radiation protection during the flight phase of a Mars mission is still limited,and we are interested in the analysis of independent radiation doses.The purpose of this paper is to calculate in detail the rate of radiation agents in various orbits between Earth and Mars during manned missions to Mars.In addition,this paper also details the definitions and properties of radiation,galactic cosmic ray models and energy spectra,human body models,absorbed doses,dose equivalents,and quality factors,as well as their relationships.In this paper,the energy spectrum of galactic cosmic rays in the heliospheric sphere from2006 to 2019 is calculated by using the method of stochastic differential equation,using the fitting of the nearest local interstellar energy spectrum and time-containing diffusion and drift coefficients,which are derived from the observations of the PAMELA experiment and the AMS-02 experiment.The reproduction of the time-correlated energy spectrum of AMS-02 is better than 2%.The galactic cosmic ray energy spectrum is integrated with the unshielded,isotropic injection-dose conversion coefficient given by the publication No.123 of the International Commission on Radiological Protection(the coefficients correspond to the two sets of quality factors defined by ICRP60 and NASA,respectively),specifically the energy spectrum of the 28 elemental components in the galactic cosmic radiation and the radiation dose of 15 groups of sensitive organs of the human body,and these doses are weighted,synthesized and analyzed.To calculate the accuracy of the results,we calculate the radiation dose generated by cosmic rays under the Hel Mod model in the same way and compare them.We also integrated the calculated effective dose equivalent rates in some typical orbits connecting Earth and Mars for future practical engineering considerations.We generalized the calculation of astronaut radiation doses induced by high-energy cosmic rays from outside our solar system to locations far from Earth,particularly between Earth and Mars in relation to future manned missions to Mars.The calculations used the nearest cosmic ray energy spectrum outside the solar system,as well as established models of the solar system’s magnetic field and solar wind.We’ve checked that at the location of Mars,the dose rate will only be a few percentage points larger than on Earth.Combined with the expected dose caused by incident particles of a certain type and energy in publication No.123 of the International Commission on Radiological Protection,the results calculated by the quality factor defined by NASA are larger than those calculated by ICRP60,and there is not much difference in the gender difference in dose.We get radiation dose rates of 26-55 c Sv/yr or 26-58 c Sv/yr at the quality factor ICRP60 and NASA,respectively,which is much lower than previous direct measurements,and the calculated skin dose equivalent and cumulative dose equivalent are about 30% lower than the measurements in the literature,respectively,and the medically meaningful effective dose equivalent will also be lower,and if launched within the time window of the 2011 Earth-to-Mars mission,the 650-day short-stay mission will occupy about total effective dose equivalent of 0.54 Sv. |
