Research On Grassland Resources Carrying Capacity Of Alpine Desert Pastoral Area Based On Ecological Protection

The China’s northern grasslands cover a vast area and are an important strategic resource and foundation for the development of husbandry production in pastoral areas,as well as an important ecological defense barrier.In recent years,natural grasslands have been degraded and the grassland ecosystem is very fragile due to frequent extreme climates and overgrazing in pastoral areas.As a necessary resource for the development of animal husbandry,the study of the carrying capacity of grassland resources is important for ecological protection and high-quality development of animal husbandry in western pastoral areas.Grassland resource carrying capacity evaluation based on ecological protection is an important way to comprehensively measure the level of grassland carrying capacity in pastoral areas,as well as to measure the sustainable economic and social development of pastoral areas,and is an important basis for guiding grassland ecological protection work in the future.In this study,the alpine desert pastoral area of Ulan County was selected as the research area to investigate and evaluate the current situation of water,grass and animal resources carrying capacity,and to analyze the influencing factors of grassland resources carrying capacity.Combined with grassland ecological protection,an evaluation index system for grassland resources carrying capacity based on ecological protection was established.On this basis,the TOPSIS comprehensive evaluation method was used to qualitatively analyze and evaluate the carrying capacity of grassland resources,and a diagnostic model of obstacle factors was established to find the obstacle factors that hinder the carrying capacity of grassland resources.Finally,based on the actual situation of pastoral areas,a scientific countermeasures to improve the carrying capacity of regional grassland resources and feasible suggestions for promoting regional ecological protection and animal husbandry development were put forward.The main conclusions of this paper are as follows:(1)Taking two water resources division of Xisai Basin and Chaqa Basin in Ulan County as a unit,the investigatation and analysis of the carrying condition of water,grass and livestock resources in the pastoral area of Ulan County in 2019 were carried out,and the supply and demand balance of water resources and grassland resources in the current year under different guarantee rate was analyzed.It was concluded that water resources in the Xisai Basin were overloaded to different degrees under different guarantee rate.The overload of water resources is the most serious under 75%guarantee rate,and the Xisai Basin was in the balance of forage-livestock under 25%and 50%guarantee rate,while the overload of grass and livestock resources also occured under 75%guarantee rate.There was no water resource overload in Chaka Basin under different guarantee rate,but they were all in the state of forage-livestock imbalance,and the forage-livestock resource overload was the most serious under 75%guarantee rate.(2)Combining with the actual situation of pastoral areas in Ulan County,the ecological protection ways of pastoral areas were discussed from the aspects of water,grass,livestock and the balance among them,and the influencing factors of grassland resource carrying capacity were analyzed.24 evaluation indexes were selected from the four carrying subsystems of water resources subsystem,forage resources subsystem,social economy subsystem and grassland ecological subsystem,and the evaluation index system of grassland resource carrying capacity based on ecological protection in alpine desert pastoral areas of Ulan County was constructed.The original data of each evaluation index were dimensionless and standardized by using the range standardization method,and the standardized data of each evaluation index were obtained.(3)The comprehensive weighting method,which combines the subjective analytic hierarchy process method and the objective entropy weight method,was used to weight each index in the evaluation index system.The weight of the natural grassland availability coefficient was the largest,0.0973,and the weight of the ecological water use rate was the smallest,0.0212.The evaluation of the carrying capacity of grassland resources by the TOPSIS comprehensive evaluation method showed that the overall development of the carrying capacity of grassland resources in Ulan County during 2014-2019 showed an increasing trend,and the closeness value increased from 0.4943 to 0.565,but the fluctuation was obvious.Among them,the carrying capacity level decreased in 2014-2016 and 2018,and the rest of the years showed an increasing trend.In 2019,the grassland carrying capacity level reached 0.565,which was at a good level.From the analysis and evaluation of the carrying capacity level of each subsystem,it can be seen that the carrying capacity level of grassland resources in Ulan County was not determined by the grassland ecological subsystem alone,but each subsystem influenced and coordinated with each other.(4)Through the obstacle factor diagnosis model,the obstacle factors affecting the carrying capacity of grassland resources in Ulan County were calculated.It was concluded that the availability coefficient of natural grassland,water resources utilization ratio,grassland degradation degree,grazing interference intensity and cool season grassland ecological value harvesting discount were the main obstacle factors affecting the carrying capacity of grassland resources in Ulan County.The carrying capacity of grassland ecosystem was the main factor limiting the carrying capacity of grassland resources in Ulan County.Ulan County is a animal husbandry county which is mainly herding and combined with agriculture and animal husbandry.Due to overloading and overgrazing,the grassland ecological environment is deteriorating continuously and cannot be protected effectively in the long term,so it is difficult to improve the level of grassland resource carrying capacity.Finally,suggestions and countermeasures were put forward to improve the carrying capacity level of grassland resources in pastoral areas and realize grassland ecological protection and high-quality development of animal husbandry economy.