Study On Soil Fauna Community Characteristics And Influencing Factors Of Wild Prunus Divaricata Forest In Yili

Wide Prunus divaricata Ldb.is a small deciduous arbor or shrub belonging to the rose family Prunus,which is an important component of wild fruit forests in Xinjiang.Soil orientation of wild Prunus divaricata involves understory soil nutrients,soil microorganisms and soil enzyme activities,but there are few reports on related soil animals.This study took the soil fauna community of wild Prunus divaricata forest in Huocheng County,Xinjiang as the research object.Four habitats of gentle slope,steep slope,gully bottom and flat land were selected as the research sample site to study the characteristics of soil fauna community of wild Prunus divaricata forest and its relationship with environmental factors.The results showed that:(1)A total of 1435 soil animals were captured in the study plots,belonging to 3 phyla,5classes,15 orders,3 suborders,30 families(superfamilies).Among them,356 individuals were captured in gentle slope,belonging to 2 phyla,3 classes,12 orders,3 suborders,19 families(superfamilies).A total of 267 individuals were captured in steep slope,belonging to 3 phyla,5classes,13 orders,3 suborders,15 families(superfamilies).376 individuals were captured at the bottom of the gully,belonging to 2 phyla,3 classes,9 orders,3 suborders,and 10 families(superfamilies).A total of 436 individuals were captured in flat land,belonging to 2 phyla,3classes,11 orders,2 suborders and 16 families(superfamily),accounting for 24.81%,18.61%,26.2%and 30.38%of the total catch,respectively.There were 33.33%,40.82%and 63.3%more soil animal individuals captured in gentle slope,gully bottom and plain slope than steep slope,respectively.(2)10 types of soil macrofauna in gentle slope,with an average density of 442.67individuals/m~2;21 types of meso-micro soil fauna,with an average density of 9100 individuals/m~2.11 species of soil macrofauna on steep slope,with an average density of 490.67 individuals/m~2;Soil meso-micro fauna 15 classes,the average density of 5833.33 individuals/m~2.There were 4 types of soil macrofauna in gully bottom,with an average density of 192 individuals/m~2.Soil meso-micro fauna 15 classes,the average density of 11333.33 individuals/m~2.There were 7 types of flat land soil macrofauna with an average density of 453.33 individuals/m~2.17types of soil meso-micro fauna,with an average density of 11,700 individuals/m~2.The density and group number of soil meso-micro fauna were higher than that of soil macrofauna in the four habitats.The common dominant groups of soil macrofauna were Coleoptera larvae and formidae.The common dominant group of soil meso-micro fauna was Acariae.According to the regression analysis between individual number of soil animals and soil layer,and between group number and soil layer,it was found that the individual number and group number of soil macrofauna and soil meso-micro fauna decreased with the increase of soil depth,showing a surface clustering distribution.Through Jaccard community similarity analysis,it was found that soil fauna community structure was affected by different habitats.(3)There were no significant differences in the diversity index,Pielou evenness index and Simpson dominance index of macrofauna on gentle slope,steep slope,gully bottom and flat land(P>0.05),but the Margalef richness index on gentle slope and steep slope was significantly higher than that on gully bottom and flat land(P<0.01).There were no significant differences in the richness diversity index,Pielou evenness index,Margalef richness index and Simpson dominance index of soil meso-micro fauna among gentle slope,steep slope,gully bottom and flat land(P>0.05).(4)Through simple analysis of functional groups of soil fauna,it was found that phytophagous groups and omnivorous groups were the main functional groups of soil macrofauna.Saprovorous groups and omnivorous groups were the main functional groups of soil meso-micro fauna,but no predatory meso-micro soil faunas were found.In terms of environmental suitability,phytophagous groups of soil macrofauna were suitable for steep slope habitat.Predatory groups were suitable for gully bottom habitat.The saprovorous groups were suitable for gentle slope habitat.The omnivorous groups were suitable for both steep slope and flat land.The phytophagous groups and saprovorous groups of meso-micro soil fauna were suitable for gentle slope habitat.The omnivorous groups was more suitable for flat land habitat than steep slope habitat.(5)There were differences in the key soil factors affecting the vertical distribution of soil fauna in different soil layers.Soil p H was the key factor affecting the diversity of soil macrofauna in the 0-5 cm soil layer.Soil organic matter and total potassium were the key factors affecting macrofauna diversity in 5-10 cm soil layer.Group number was the key factor affecting macrofauna richness in 0-5 cm soil layer.Total phosphorus was the key factor affecting the evenness of soil macrofauna in the 5-10 cm soil layer,and total potassium was the key factor affecting the dominance index of soil macrofauna in the 5-10 cm soil layer.Soil available potassium was a key factor affecting the diversity of meso-micro soil fauna in 0-5 cm soil layer.Total nitrogen was the key factor affecting the richness of meso-micro soil fauna in 5-10 cm soil layer.Soil nitrate was the key factor affecting the diversity of meso-micro soil fauna in 15-20 cm soil layer.Available phosphorus was the key factor affecting meso-micro soil fauna richness in 15-20 cm soil layer.Total phosphorus was a key factor affecting the number of meso-micro soil fauna groups in 15-20 cm soil layer.Nitrate nitrogen,available phosphorus(P<0.01),total nitrogen and total phosphorus(P<0.05)were the key environmental factors affecting soil fauna community in Daxigou wild Prunus divaricata forest in Huocheng County.