| In recent years,China’s Marine industry has developed rapidly,and large-scale Marine facilities such as far-reaching sea breeding platforms and large aquaculture vessels are growing rapidly.Facing the global climate and environmental challenges,the development of renewable energy has become the inevitable trend in the development of new energy,offshore wind farm,as one of the more mature technology in the renewable energy field,large-scale development of offshore facilities,has become the front of our energy structure optimization and double carbon goal.After the construction of the wind farm,the fishery production in this area is reduced,and it becomes a shelter for fish.Besides,the pile group structure of wind power pile foundation is similar to artificial reef,which can also provide a good habitat for fish,and may have a positive protective effect on the protection of fishery resources.Therefore,by investigating the environmental characteristics and biological community structure of wind power zone,this paper explores the conservation effect of its fishery resources,and analyzes the conservation effect of its resources,in order to provide data support for the evaluation of fishery resource conservation effect of offshore wind power pile,and provide a basis for the integration of offshore wind farm and Marine ranch industry in the future.Firstly,this paper summarizes Marine facilities with different construction purposes and functions according to different categories such as aquaculture Marine facilities,environmental restoration Marine facilities,industrial Marine facilities,fish Marine facilities and energy Marine facilities,and analyzes and sorts out their resource conservation functions and conservation effects.Then,focusing on the field data survey of Zhuanghe offshore wind farm in Dalian,Liaoning Province,the Marine environment survey and biological resources survey of the offshore wind farm were carried out in October 2021,July 2022 and November 2022.The single factor index method,N.L.Nemerow index method and comprehensive environmental quality index method were used to evaluate the water quality and sediment environment in the offshore wind power farm,and the differences between the offshore wind power area and the surrounding environment were analyzed,providing a reference for the comprehensive evaluation of the impact of offshore wind power construction on the environment.At the same time,the species composition and dominant species of plankton,benthic organisms and swimming organisms in the wind farm zone and control zone were analyzed.Richness index,diversity index,evenness index,cluster analysis,SIMPER similarity analysis and non-parametric multidimensional scale sequencing(NMDS)were used to analyze the spatio-temporal variation characteristics of community structure,and then evaluate the environmental effects and resource conservation effects of offshore wind turbine piles.The results showed that:1.After the construction of Zhuanghe Offshore wind farm,there is no significant difference between the analysis values of seawater quality environment and sediment environment of the wind power area and that of the control area.The physical and chemical indexes of the water quality environment are basically up to the national Class Ⅰ sea water quality standards,and the physical and chemical indexes of the sediment environment are up to the national Class Ⅰ sediments standard.The DO pollution index,p H pollution index,eutrophication index and organic pollution index of seawater in the wind power area and the control area showed that the water conditions of the control area and the wind power area were all good,and the single heavy metal ecological hazard index of the sediment in the control area and the wind power area was less than 40,which was in a state of low potential ecological risk.The total ecological hazard index is less than 150,and all are in the state of low potential ecological risk.It shows that the environmental difference between the wind power area and the surrounding sea area is small after the pile foundation is put into offshore wind power.2.The phytoplankton in both the wind power area and the control area were dominated by diatoms,while dinoflagellates and chrysoflagellates were relatively few.The phytoplankton are mainly eurytherm euryhaline type and low salt inshore type,but there are a few high salt offshore type.The phytoplankton community diversity index and evenness index were lower in each voyage.The analysis suggested that the coastal waters of wind power area and control area were the main reason for the no significant difference in phytoplankton community structure.However,the phytoplankton diversity index,evenness index and richness index in the wind power area were higher than those in the control area,indicating that the wind power pile foundation had a certain conservation effect.The results of cluster analysis and NMDS analysis showed that the sampling stations in the wind power and control areas were not divided into two,but clustered according to the voyage,indicating that the phytoplankton community differences caused by different voyage were dominant.A total of21 species of zooplankton were collected,including 6 categories.The zooplankton mainly consisted of small copepods and plankton larvae,while the number of large and medium-sized zooplankton was much lower than that of small zooplankton.From the perspective of seasonal analysis,the number of zooplankton species in summer is higher than that in autumn,and the water temperature in summer is suitable,which is conducive to the growth and reproduction of zooplankton,and the zooplankton biomass and abundance are higher.The abundance and biomass of zooplankton in the wind farm area were significantly higher than those in the control area,and the attracting effect of offshore wind farm pile foundation on zooplankton may be an important reason.Cluster analysis and NMDS analysis showed that the zooplankton could be aggregated in October 2021 and November 2022,and in July 2022,which were mainly affected by seasonal climate temperature.3.The benthic animals in the wind power area and control area mainly came from four groups: annelids,arthropods,mollusks and echinoderms.Among annelids,polychaeta has the largest number of species and quantity.The collected benthos are common species in the North Yellow Sea coastal area.The diversity index,evenness index and abundance index of benthic fauna in wind power area and control area had little difference.4.There was no significant difference in the number of swimming animals between the wind power area and control area,but there was seasonal difference between the voyage.The ABC curve showed that the community structure of swimmers in Zhuanghe was more stable in October 2021 and July 2022 than in November 2022.Clustering analysis based on the community structure,community structure differences mainly with crustaceans and cephalopodas such as the relative abundance of variation The similarity of community structure of swimming animals in each voyage is high,which indicates that the community structure of swimming animals in Zhuanghe has good stability,and the seasonal variation of swimming organisms is one of the main reasons for the community structure change of swimming animals in Zhuanghe wind farm.The results of this study show that,compared with the control area,the construction of offshore wind farm has no serious impact on the Marine environmental effect and Marine ecosystem,and offshore wind power pile foundation has a certain effect of resource conservation.The research results provide basic data for the development and management of wind farms in Zhuanghe,and also provide scientific support for ecological management and restoration of wind farms in the future. |
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